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Zhu Rongji, who reshaped millions of lives, dies at 97

Zhu Rongji, who reshaped millions of lives, dies at 97

Zhu Rongji, who led China's economic opening in the 1990s, died at 97 from illness, according to Chinese state media.

The man who opened China's economy to global markets — and in doing so altered the working conditions and daily lives of hundreds of millions of people — died at the age of 97. Zhu Rongji's death from illness was announced by Chinese state media, according to NPR. 🔹 What happened: As premier during the 1990s, Zhu led a six-and-a-half-year negotiation with the United States that resulted in the U.S. Senate granting China preferential trading status in 2000, clearing the path for China's formal entry into the World Trade Organization. Charlene Barshefsky, the former U.S. trade representative who negotiated face-to-face with Zhu, described him as someone who "embraced the notion of a China whose economic system was more compatible with that of the West" — "vastly reformed, more open, less state-dominated, very limited state intervention." Kenneth Lieberthal, who served as a national security adviser to then-President Bill Clinton, recalled the negotiations as genuine exchange: "This was not talking points. It was a lot of give and take." Zhu retired in 2003 and largely withdrew from public view. 🔹 Why it matters: China's WTO entry turned the country into an export powerhouse, drawing foreign businesses in large numbers. Zhu's liberalization freed up labor and financial resources that generated significant wealth over three decades. But the source explicitly notes that the institutions he seeded carried future vulnerabilities — and those vulnerabilities were not absorbed equally. Workers who entered the export economy on the ground floor bore the risks of a market system without the protections that Western labor movements had spent generations securing. Zhu is remembered with both admiration and criticism inside China, a split that mirrors the unequal distribution of benefits his reforms produced. 📌 EPM Take: The obituaries will focus on Zhu Rongji the statesman. What they will underplay is the sentence buried in the source: his institutions carried "future vulnerabilities." That phrase is doing a lot of work. Barshefsky described a man who wanted China's economy to be compatible with the West — less state, more open. What the six-and-a-half-year negotiation produced was a global supply chain that delivered lower prices for consumers in wealthy countries and exposed Chinese workers to market pressures without equivalent protections. EPM has documented how energy costs and sanctions continue to redistribute economic pain unevenly across populations. Zhu's legacy is the opening chapter of that same story. The scenario nobody names: the vulnerabilities he seeded did not stay in China.
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