International • • • 🌿 Progressive

Buque naval gris con banderas de Colombia y un helicóptero en popa navegando en mar turquesa entre islotes con palmeras, con una carta náutica desenfocada al fondo
Un buque de la Armada navega junto al archipiélago de San Andrés al amanecer, con una carta náutica desenfocada al fondo. · Imagen generada para EPM

Colombia to set San Andrés maritime baselines by decree for first time

President Abelardo De La Espriella announced that a decree to be published on November 30 will set, for the first time with official coordinates, the maritime…

--- The context --- In November 2012, the International Court of Justice confirmed Colombian sovereignty over the islands of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, but granted Nicaragua a broad exclusive economic zone in the Caribbean. In July 2023, the same court rejected Managua's bid to extend its continental shelf. --- The facts --- Colombia's president, Abelardo De La Espriella, announced on Sunday, October 18, that he will sign a decree establishing, for the first time and with official coordinates, the maritime limits the country considers its own around the archipelago. He did so from a Navy vessel during a visit to the island territory, saying in reported speech that not a single metre of those waters is in dispute. The document will be published on November 30, the island's anniversary, and its references will be incorporated into the official nautical charts. Law 10 of 1978, approved by Congress with the backing of then president Alfonso López Michelsen, ordered straight baselines to be drawn around the archipelago. The decree will cover the 12 nautical miles of territorial waters, about 22.2 kilometres, around the three islands and the islets and reefs, and the National Navy will carry out the tracing with its technological infrastructure. --- The positions --- The approach is known as the Gaviria doctrine, after diplomat and international law scholar Enrique Gaviria Liévano (1939-2020): drawing the limits not island by island, but as a single perimeter joining the outermost points, so the sea inside becomes internal waters and the archipelago is defended as one territory. Interior minister Rodrigo Lara said in reported speech that the 2012 ruling is inapplicable in its literal terms, that this decision should have been taken 48 years ago, and that Colombia arrived at The Hague with its homework poorly done. --- What remains unknown --- The exact coordinates of the single perimeter are not yet known, nor is the technical detail of the tracing. It is also unclear how it would apply between San Andrés and the Quitasueño cay, where it would let Colombia claim seas that today belong to Nicaragua. --- Unanswered questions --- What exact coordinates will the November 30 decree set for each outermost point of the archipelago? How will the single perimeter apply between San Andrés and the Quitasueño cay without contradicting the 2012 judgment? What response will Nicaragua give to a tracing its government has not yet publicly addressed? --- EPM analysis --- De La Espriella paired the announcement with a comprehensive defence policy: strengthening maritime surveillance, fighting illegal activities and protecting the archipelago's fishers. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, setting official coordinates after decades of delay settles a debt pending since 1978 and gives the archipelago's fishers and communities a clearer framework to defend their sea. The step is legitimate as an act of sovereignty, but its real value will depend on how it coexists with the rulings in force and whether it comes with effective presence, reef protection and regional cooperation, not only a new line drawn on the country's official nautical charts.
📤 Share on Telegram

¿Te gustó este artículo? Recibe cobertura global en tu correo.

Suscríbete gratis / Subscribe free