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Cables submarinos de fibra óptica sobre el fondo oscuro del golfo Pérsico con un buque de mantenimiento en la superficie
Cables submarinos de comunicaciones en el golfo Pérsico. · Imagen generada para EPM

Iran warns it could target undersea cables if it faces new bombings

Iran drew up detailed plans to attack undersea communications cables in the Persian Gulf if the United States and Israel bomb the country again, according to…

--- The context --- The infrastructure that sustains the internet crosses the seabed in silence and carries a decisive share of global data exchange. In the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, that network intersects with a highly tense military area, where an escalation between Iran, the United States and Israel can reach everyday services used by millions of people. The strait separates Iran from Oman and connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. --- The facts --- Iran drew up detailed plans to attack undersea communications cables in the Persian Gulf if the United States and Israel launch a new attack against the country, according to two senior Iranian security officials who spoke on condition of anonymity. Both offered few details and did not specify how or where Tehran would carry out such attacks. One of them said Iran would seek to prevent repairs after any attack in order to prolong interruptions in communications, including internet connections. The same official warned indirectly that, if Iran were attacked, there would be no more red lines, from undersea cables to military bases, including covert ones, and said the country has full access to undersea cables and could destroy them easily. Yadollah Javani, deputy head of Political Affairs of Iran's Revolutionary Guard, said on Wednesday that the country could attack the seven high-capacity cables under the Strait of Hormuz if Iranian infrastructure comes under attack. Undersea cables carry around 99% of global internet traffic, according to the International Telecommunication Union, although less than 1% of international bandwidth passes through Hormuz, as Alan Mauldin, research director at TeleGeography, noted. --- The positions --- The United States Department of State and Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not respond to requests for comment on the Iranian officials' statements, and there were also no immediate comments from Gulf governments. Senior security official Mohsen Rezaei warned this month that digital infrastructure linked to the United States across the Gulf, including data centers and artificial intelligence facilities, could become a target in a renewed conflict. The second official said Washington's Gulf allies, which invested heavily in that infrastructure, should hold Washington, not Tehran, responsible for any damage to the cables. For Alex Vatanka, director of the Iran program at the Middle East Institute, in Washington, such threats seek to deter a renewed conflict and pressure the White House by generating fear among Gulf governments and United States companies about their investments. --- What remains unknown --- The real operational scope of the plans is not known, nor the concrete means Iran would use, nor when such a decision might be adopted. Several analysts agreed that multiple cuts could slow internet services and affect financial transactions, electronic commerce and cloud services, and that the impact would depend on how operators reroute traffic and on capacity in alternative connections. Restoring connections during an armed conflict could prove difficult, according to experts, since higher insurance costs and delays in permits to enter territorial waters could complicate repairs. The Red Sea could be a more relevant target than Hormuz, particularly with backing from Houthi allies in Yemen, although Tehran made no public statement indicating plans for that area, through which around 3% of global international demand and close to 10% of traffic between regions circulates, according to Mauldin. --- Unanswered questions --- What real capacity does Iran have to carry out sustained attacks against cables in Hormuz without being detected immediately? How long could interruptions be prolonged if repairs are blocked by insurance costs and territorial permits? Would Gulf governments respond by pressuring Washington, as Vatanka's reading suggests, or would they strengthen their cooperation with the United States? What alternative land and undersea routes could absorb the affected traffic if multiple cuts occur? --- EPM analysis --- The warning shifts the center of the conflict from traditional military targets toward the civilian and digital infrastructure on which finance, commerce and cloud services depend. Gulf governments invest heavily in technology to diversify their economies beyond oil and position themselves as artificial intelligence hubs, deepening their ties with United States technology firms. In March, Iranian attacks hit two Amazon Web Services facilities in the United Arab Emirates and damaged infrastructure near a plant in Bahrain, and the Revolutionary Guard then pointed to Microsoft, Google, Apple and Nvidia as legitimate targets. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the threat against the cables reveals a deterrence strategy that seeks to raise the cost of any new offensive against Iran by shifting risk toward economic interests shared by Washington, Gulf governments and major technology firms. Its effectiveness will depend less on direct global damage, limited according to the available data on Hormuz, than on the political and corporate pressure that such uncertainty generates before a conflict. Protecting essential networks and preserving diplomatic channels is therefore just as decisive as any military calculation to avoid an escalation with broad civilian costs.
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