United States • 🌿 Progressive

Turkish families hoard gold because the system has let them down, economist says

Turkish families hoard gold because the system has let them down, economist says

Finance Minister Şimşek says $640 billion in gold and foreign currency sits outside Turkey's banking system.

For millions of Turkish families, gold tucked away at home is not a superstition but a survival tool—a hedge against currency collapses that have eroded savings repeatedly over decades. Now the government is calling that habit an economic threat, putting ordinary savers at the center of a national policy debate. --- THE CONTEXT --- Finance Minister Mehmet Şimşek has stated that roughly $640 billion in gold and foreign currency is held outside Turkey's formal financial system. The practice is called «yastık altı altın»—gold under the mattress—and it reflects a long-standing distrust between Turkish households and the banking sector rooted in repeated currency devaluations and economic volatility. --- THE FACTS --- NPR's reporting from Istanbul's Mahmutpaşa market documents the practice at ground level. Nefise Asker, a 23-year-old bride-to-be preparing for a multi-day September wedding, told the outlet that she and her partner plan to use gifted gold to support their new life together. Selva Demiralp, an economist at Istanbul's Koç University and a former economist for the Turkish Federal Reserve, explains that wedding gold historically served as financial insurance for wives who did not work outside the home—a private safety net when no public one existed. Demiralp is direct: this behavior is a logical defense against chronic instability, not an outdated habit. Şimşek, however, has publicly framed it as something that is actively undermining the country's financial future. --- THE POSITIONS --- Şimşek represents the official line: private hoarding weakens the national economy. Demiralp argues the practice is economically rational given Turkey's history. This report does not include a response from the banking industry or consumer protection bodies. --- WHAT REMAINS UNKNOWN --- The report does not specify what concrete policy measures the government has proposed to bring those assets into the formal system, nor whether any legislative or regulatory framework is currently under debate. --- UNANSWERED QUESTIONS --- • What incentives, if any, has the Şimşek government designed to encourage small savers to move gold into banks without penalizing them? • How does the $640 billion figure break down between physical gold and foreign currency held at home? • Does the practice vary significantly across income levels, age groups or regions within Turkey? --- EPM ANALYSIS --- EPM has recently covered how distrust in institutions—from Washington's fiscal debates to municipal governance—pushes people toward parallel systems. Turkey's gold culture is a vivid case. The immediate loser is the state, which cannot intermediate or deploy those $640 billion. The relative winner is the individual saver who survived past crises with wealth intact. The decisive variable is whether the government can offer something the banking system has repeatedly failed to deliver: credible, sustained stability that makes formal saving genuinely safer than a mattress. 📌 📌 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, framing household gold hoarding as an obstacle without acknowledging why it exists is both politically tone-deaf and analytically incomplete. Turkish families did not build this habit arbitrarily; they built it because formal institutions failed them, often. Any policy that ignores that history will struggle to move a single gram. The path to financial integration runs through institutional credibility—not through ministerial declarations alone. Until that credibility is earned back through demonstrated stability, the mattress will keep winning.
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