Spain • • • 🌿 Progressive

Una pareja joven mira con preocupación los anuncios de pisos en el escaparate de una inmobiliaria en una calle española.
El encarecimiento de la vivienda marca el balance económico de los ocho años de Sánchez. · Imagen generada EPM

Eight years of Sánchez: more jobs, costlier homes

Pedro Sánchez's eight-year record combines 3.4 million more people in work, lower unemployment and higher minimum wages and pensions with purchase housing…

--- The context --- Spain heads into early general elections on November 29 with housing at the centre of political debate and an eight-year economic record that supports more than one reading. Pedro Sánchez arrived at La Moncloa in June 2018, and the decision to bring the vote forward followed Congress rejecting the two housing decrees promoted by the Government, amid social mobilisation with hundreds of people camped in Puerta del Sol after the eviction of Maricarmen, an 87-year-old woman who died in hospital days later. That parliamentary failure frames the figures that follow. Looking at a single indicator would mislead. The country has more people working, a higher minimum wage and higher pensions, and an economy that recovered the ground lost during the pandemic, but it also has sharply higher accumulated prices and housing costs that have become one of the biggest obstacles for families. Comparing 2018 with 2026 orders that record with data. --- The facts --- On employment, the trend is favourable according to the Labour Force Survey of the National Statistics Institute. Employment rose from 19.34 million in the second quarter of 2018 to 22.78 million in the same period of 2026, about 3.4 million more, roughly 3.44 million more people in work. The unemployment rate fell from 15.28% to 9.87% and temporary employment fell from around 27% to around 15%. The labour reform approved at the end of 2021 helped drive permanent hiring, with more than seven million such contracts in 2022 and 6.62 million in 2023, according to the State Public Employment Service, although registered contracts do not equal people in stable jobs. The weak point remains youth. Unemployment among under-25s fell from 34.6% in the second quarter of 2018 to 23.77% in the same period of 2026, a drop of almost 11 points that does not remove the problem. On incomes, the statutory minimum wage rose from 730.90 euros a month over 14 payments in 2018 to 1,221 euros in 2026, a nominal increase of 65.9%, with a major jump in 2019 to 900 euros. Average pay rose from about 1,923 euros a month in 2018 to 2,400 euros a month in the first quarter of 2026, and average pensions rose from 1,083.67 euros in June 2018 to 1,572.80 euros in June 2026, which is 489.13 euros more a month, a nominal rise of 45.1% in total. The other side is accumulated inflation. The post-pandemic recovery, supply-chain problems and the energy crisis stemming from Russia's invasion of Ukraine put pressure on prices, especially in 2021 and 2022. Food and non-alcoholic drink prices rose by 41.5% between June 2018 and March 2026, so a basket that cost 100 euros came to cost 141.50 euros. Annual Consumer Price Index inflation stood at 2.3% in June 2018, while the flash indicator pointed to 4.9% in September 2026. On housing, according to advertised price series, average rent rose from 10.40 to 15.20 euros per square metre, up 46.2%, and an 80 square metre home rose from 832 to 1,216 euros a month. Purchase prices rose from 1,680 to 2,914 euros per square metre, up 73.5%, a difference close to 98,720 euros for 80 square metres, while the House Price Index for the second quarter of 2026 rose 12.2% year on year, with 7.4% for new housing, 12.9% for existing housing and 3.4% on the quarter. Public debt, according to the Bank of Spain, equalled 97.1% of GDP in 2018 and 100.7% at the end of 2025, exceeded 124% in March 2021, fell to 99.9% in July 2026 and reached approximately 1.744 trillion euros in volume, 3.8% more than a year earlier. --- The positions --- A reading that values jobs and social protection stresses that there are 3.4 million more people in work, lower unemployment, less temporary work and clear rises in the minimum wage, average pay and pensions. It also notes that the AROPE rate, which measures risk of poverty or social exclusion, stood at 25.7% in 2025 compared with 26.2% in 2018, and that those reaching the end of the month with great difficulty fell to 8.5% in 2025 from 9.1% in 2024. --- What remains unknown --- What remains unknown is how much income improvement survives after food and housing rises for each household. Contract figures do not show how many people consolidated stable work, nor how inflation will evolve after the 4.9% flash reading for September 2026. --- Unanswered questions --- How much real purchasing power has a renting household gained if its rent rose by 46.2% while its pay followed a different path? Why does youth unemployment remain at 23.77% despite the general fall in joblessness across the economy? Can debt stay below 100% of GDP if its volume keeps growing by 3.8% year on year in nominal terms? --- EPM analysis --- The record cannot be summed up as either a pass or a failure. On jobs, the minimum wage and pensions the data show measurable and sustained advances over eight years, and denying them would be unfair. At the same time, housing and the shopping basket have absorbed much of that improvement for many families, and there the record is clearly insufficient. Holding both halves together is not false balance, it is sticking to the figures that the official series themselves provide for each area of daily life. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the eight years leave a larger labour market and nominally higher minimum incomes and pensions that deserve recognition with the data in hand, but they also leave purchase housing 73.5% more expensive and a shopping basket 41.5% more expensive, which limits that improvement in daily life. Debt contained relative to GDP does not by itself offset that everyday cost. A fair judgement requires holding both halves of the record without hiding either one before voting on November 29 calmly and with the complete figures on the table for everyone.
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