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Valle montañoso verde en Armenia con un río, bosques y flores silvestres bajo un cielo despejado
Paisaje montañoso con río y flores silvestres, imagen alusiva a la biodiversidad debatida en la COP17 de Ereván. · Imagen generada EPM

Fragile biodiversity takes the spotlight at COP17 talks in Yerevan

The COP17 talks in Yerevan review progress under the Kunming-Montreal Framework since 2022, with the 30 by 30 target, $200 billion in annual financing and the…

--- The context --- The biodiversity talks in Yerevan, the Armenian capital, aim to assess progress so far and build on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted four years ago. The meeting is COP17, the 17th Conference of the Parties. In 2022, 196 countries made commitments under that framework. Astrid Schomaker, Executive Secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, argued that what happens in Yerevan matters because billions of people are already being affected by the impacts of biodiversity loss. --- The facts --- Schomaker said, in reported remarks, that everyone is accountable to each other and to future generations, and that those billions depend on progress being made in the next two weeks. She also insisted that taking action for nature does work. UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned in Yerevan on Friday that more than one million species face extinction. He also noted that, since 2022, an additional 1.3 million square kilometres of land and six million square kilometres of ocean have received formal protection. --- The positions --- Schomaker called for the untapped energy and ideas of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, women and youth, and sought greater engagement from cities, businesses and financial institutions. In her account, the science is clear and no nation, economy or society is immune from these impacts. Armenia's Permanent Representative to the UN, Paruyr Hovhannisyan, said a core aim of COP17 is to turn commitments into measurable progress on the ground, through coordinated action by governments, international organizations, the private sector and civil society, with stronger implementation, resources, monitoring and accountability. --- What remains unknown --- Governments will conduct the very first global review of collective progress under the framework, presenting national reports and updated biodiversity strategies and action plans. They must also close the implementation gap, improve tracking with data, capacity and cooperation, and make the Cali Fund work. The framework calls for at least $200 billion annually from all sources by 2030, including at least $30 billion in international biodiversity finance. The Cali Fund, agreed at COP16 in Cali, Colombia, was designed to collect funds from companies that use digital genetic data and redistribute them to protect biodiversity and Indigenous Peoples. --- Unanswered questions --- Will countries turn their national plans into measurable results on the ground before 2030? Will the financing needed to reach the $200 billion a year called for by the framework actually appear? Can the Cali Fund work in practice and deliver real resources to those who protect biodiversity every day? --- EPM analysis --- The Convention's goals include tackling the main drivers of biodiversity loss: changes in how land and seas are used, the unsustainable exploitation of species, climate change, pollution and invasive species. The best-known ambition is 30 by 30: conserving 30 per cent of land and sea by 2030. Guterres appealed for an end to what he described as a war on nature and warned that progress is uneven and far too slow, with a risk of falling well short of the 30 per cent goal by 2030. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, COP17 matters for one simple, verifiable test: if the first global review turns the promises of 2022 into plans, money and measurable protection, the Kunming-Montreal Framework will remain a living and useful tool; if Yerevan closes with declarations alone, the gap between commitments and the ground will keep growing just as more than one million species cannot wait for another round of collective good intentions without concrete, checkable results delivered on time.
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