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Electores haciendo fila a primera hora frente a un colegio electoral en Brasil con una bandera brasileña en la entrada
Electores frente a un colegio electoral en Brasil el día del balotaje, imagen alusiva a la jornada de votación. · Imagen generada para EPM

Brazil chooses between Lula and Bolsonaro in tight runoff

More than 158 million Brazilians vote in the runoff between Lula da Silva and Flávio Bolsonaro.

--- The context --- Brazil votes this Sunday in a runoff between two opposing projects after a tense campaign marked by cross accusations of corruption. More than 158 million Brazilians are eligible to vote, from 8 to 17, Brasilia time, and the first official results are expected shortly after polls close, as in the first round on October 4. The climate is one of distrust, linked during the campaign to the Banco Master case and to memories of Operation Lava Jato, begun in 2014. --- The facts --- In the first round, Flávio Bolsonaro obtained 47.03% and Lula da Silva 45.16%. Outside the core support of both camps remained 48.1 million voters, 30.5% of the roll according to a survey, among minor-candidate voters, null or blank votes and absentees. Abstention may weigh as much as vote transfers between the finalists. Lula, aged 80, leader of the Workers' Party (PT), seeks a fourth non-consecutive term and something unprecedented: winning the runoff after losing the first round. Since 1989, the first-round leader has always reached the Planalto Palace. Non-attendance was 21%, between 5% and 40% by municipality, and Minas Gerais, with 16.3 million voters, will be key: no president elected after the 1964-1985 dictatorship won without prevailing there. --- The positions --- Lula frames the vote as a defense of democracy and seeks to prevent the return of the Bolsonaro family to power. His rival is the son of Jair Bolsonaro, sentenced to 27 years for a coup attempt and under house arrest. Lula announced a 15% increase in Bolsa Família for almost 50 million people, low-interest credits, refinancing and fuel relief, and warned, in attributed indirect terms, that change should not deprive people of their rights. Flávio Bolsonaro, of the Liberal Party (PL), promises to harden security and act against corruption. He proposed sentences of up to 80 years for criminal leaders, promised, in attributed indirect terms, to declare war on narcoterrorism from January if he wins and held that criminals will be imprisoned or neutralized. He also filed a claim seeking to disqualify Lula over alleged irregularities on digital platforms. --- What remains unknown --- The final turnout is unknown, as is how those who backed neither finalist will vote. Lula's margin is more limited in the Northeast, where turnout was already high, while in Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul abstention was higher. The effect is also unclear of cutting the week from 44 to 40 hours, approved ten days earlier, amid business warnings about costs and inflation. --- Unanswered questions --- Will Lula come back for the first time since 1989 or will Bolsonaro's lead be confirmed? How much will abstention weigh among the 48.1 million outside both cores? Will Minas Gerais, once again, decide the next president? --- EPM analysis --- The contest combines history, security and household finances. A comeback requires Lula to persuade disenchanted voters with little margin in his stronghold. Holding his lead requires Bolsonaro to turn an order-based message into votes where abstention was high, without institutional conflict eroding support. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, this runoff will be decided less by the hard cores than by the 48.1 million voters who stayed outside both camps and by those who did not vote in the first round. Lula is trying to overcome a deficit of 47.03% to 45.16% with recent social measures and with a northeastern stronghold where turnout was already high, while Flávio Bolsonaro is seeking votes where abstention was higher. If mobilization shifts in Minas Gerais or in the south, the historical trend since 1989 could break for the first time in this tight and polarized election.
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