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La presidenta de Costa Rica, Laura Fernández, hablando en un atril junto a la bandera costarricense
Erick Prometeo Media

Costa Rica weighs tougher penalties for carrying weapons of war

Costa Rica's president, Laura Fernández Delgado, is studying a reform to impose more severe prison penalties on those who illegally carry weapons of war…

--- The context --- Costa Rica's president, Laura Fernández Delgado, is studying a reform of firearms legislation to establish more severe prison penalties against those who illegally carry weapons of war, a proposal inspired by measures implemented in El Salvador during the administration of Nayib Bukele. --- The facts --- Fernández explained that one of the main problems identified by Costa Rican authorities is that people detained with illegal weaponry regain their freedom because of the penalties currently set out in the legislation. She said that police officers detain these people with long guns, pistols and rifles of every type and danger level, and they walk free. The president revealed that she held a conversation with her Salvadoran counterpart about the difficulties of keeping detained people caught with rifles, long guns and high-caliber ammunition, and she recounted that Bukele explained to her how his country modified the sanctions for carrying weapons of war. --- The positions --- Fernández said that the Fuerza Élite team is already analyzing the possibility of promoting a similar reform in Costa Rica, although she clarified that any modification must be adapted to the national legal reality. She held that whoever carries heavy-caliber weapons of war must go into preventive detention and face a firm hand in sentencing, and she also drew a distinction between those who legally own a weapon with an expired permit and those who transport war rifles destined for criminal activities. --- What remains unknown --- The announced proposal is in a study phase, so there is still no definitive legislative text nor have the new penalties that the Executive Branch would seek to incorporate into national legislation been established. According to the version set out by the president, El Salvador hardened convictions to penalties equivalent to half of those for a simple homicide, according to the dangerousness of the weaponry. --- Unanswered questions --- What concrete penalties will the Executive Branch propose once a legislative text exists? How will the Salvadoran model be adapted to Costa Rica's legal reality? Will preventive detention apply to those who carry heavy-caliber weapons of war? --- EPM analysis --- The announcement came after Public Security Minister Gerald Campos set out an operation against drug trafficking in Osa, Puntarenas, where more than 500 kilograms of drugs were seized, two Costa Ricans were detained and weaponry manufactured with 3D printing was found. Since May 8, 2026, authorities have withdrawn more than 870 firearms from circulation. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the proposal recognizes a problem that the president herself describes bluntly: people detained with rifles and high-caliber ammunition regain their freedom under current penalties, while 75% of homicides are related to confrontations between criminal organizations that use illegal weapons. Hardening penalties can be a tool to prevent violent crime, but its value will depend on the definitive text, on distinguishing levels of dangerousness and on arriving with the speed that the president herself demands.
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