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Una mujer mayor envuelta en mantas junto a una vela encendida, mirando por una ventana escarchada hacia torres eléctricas en invierno
Una vecina mayor soporta el frío en un piso sin calefacción durante los cortes de energía en Ucrania. · Erick Prometeo Media

Investigators find Russia committed war crimes by targeting civilians

Independent investigators concluded that Russia committed war crimes and crimes against humanity by attacking Ukrainian civilians and vital energy…

--- The context --- The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine was appointed by the Human Rights Council in March 2022, shortly after Russian troops entered Ukrainian territory. Its latest report, released on Monday, examines attacks on vital energy infrastructure during a winter of -21°C temperatures, and the recruitment of trafficked men. --- The facts --- The investigators concluded that Russia committed war crimes and crimes against humanity by attacking civilians and vital energy infrastructure. Attacks on power plants intensified once again across Ukraine, leaving dwellings without heating, electricity or water. The commanders who ordered the attacks knew full well that the heating facilities targeted were indispensable to civilians, particularly in winter. Russian authorities also announced further attacks and referred to a plan to carry them out, supporting the conclusion that attacks were intentionally directed at civilian objects. The panel relied on the accounts of 255 persons who endured the winter in dire conditions in Dnipro, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Poltava, Zaporizhzhia and Zhytomyr, as well as Ukrainian authorities, medical doctors and non-governmental organisations. --- The positions --- The report includes a 53-year-old man who feared falling asleep and not waking up, and a 74-year-old woman from Kyiv who lay cold and hungry, without medicine. Its authors stressed that many older people cannot use stairs or lifts and remain without life support devices during air raid alerts. The Commission also examined attacks by Ukrainian armed forces on energy infrastructure in Russia and in occupied areas. However, investigators Erik Møse, Pablo de Greiff and Vrinda Grover were unable to investigate their impact inside Russia, where authorities allowed no access and answered no requests. --- What remains unknown --- The report cites compelling evidence that Russia recruited men trafficked from 29 countries into the armed forces, in violation of international human rights law. Deployed to the front lines on dangerous tasks, many were killed or went missing and others were captured as prisoners of war. The panel calls for their discharge. --- Unanswered questions --- How many trafficked men from 29 countries remain on the front lines or missing? Will Russia allow investigations on its territory into attacks on energy infrastructure? What consequences will these findings have for protecting civilians next winter? --- EPM analysis --- The strength of the report lies in its 255 testimonies and its legal language: it speaks not of collateral harm but of intent. Nine oblasts describing the same pattern of deprivation strengthens the case for a deliberate strategy, and the trafficking chapter voices victims rarely heard. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, this report matters because it turns the winter suffering of civilians into a legal conclusion supported by names, method and evidence gathered over years of work. The finding of war crimes and crimes against humanity raises the political cost of each new attack on Ukraine's energy system. It also states a clear demand regarding the men trafficked from 29 countries: their immediate discharge from the Russian armed forces. Accountability will take time, but the documented record now exists and will be hard to erase in future negotiations.
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