Spain • • • 🌿 Progressive

Cuadro con datos de la necesidad o capacidad de financiación de las Administraciones Públicas españolas hasta agosto de 2026
Cuadro oficial con los datos de necesidad o capacidad de financiación de las Administraciones Públicas correspondientes a agosto de 2026. · La Moncloa / Ministerio de Hacienda

Public deficit at 1.75% of GDP as primary balance improves in August

The combined deficit excluding local entities reached 31,183 million in August, or 1.75% of GDP, with a primary deficit of 2,095 million, regions close to…

--- The context --- Spain's public accounts in August require a complete reading rather than a single headline figure. The overall balance worsened slightly compared with a year earlier, yet the underlying effort, measured before interest payments, improved clearly. That distinction matters because it separates the inherited cost of debt from what each level of government currently collects and spends, and it shows where the imbalance is being corrected and where it remains concentrated today. --- The facts --- The combined deficit of general government, excluding local entities, stood in August at 31,183 million, or 1.75% of GDP, compared with 1.72% of GDP in the same period of 2025. Excluding interest, the primary deficit was 2,095 million, or 0.12% of GDP, down 21.4% from 2,666 million a year earlier. That improvement points to a real adjustment in the ordinary balance, even though the headline total moved in the opposite direction during the same eight months. The breakdown by level of government is highly uneven. The autonomous communities closed with a deficit of just 23 million, down 97.6% from 970 million in 2025, equivalent to budgetary balance as a share of GDP. The Social Security Funds posted a surplus of 10,915 million, up 46.3% from 7,462 million and equal to 0.61% of GDP, supported by social contributions of 150,710 million, up 7.2%. By contrast, central government concentrated a deficit of 42,075 million, or 2.36% of GDP. --- The positions --- The official reading that emerges from the figures emphasizes that primary improvement, regional balance and revenue strength. At the central state level through September, non-financial resources totaled 247,062 million, up 9.3%, with taxes at 201,754 million, up 8.4%. At the same time, non-financial expenditure reached 286,096 million, up 11.3%, while interest rose 11.6% to 29,210 million. That combination helps explain why the central balance remains under pressure despite stronger revenue across the main tax categories this year. --- What remains unknown --- What remains to be seen is the year-end outturn and whether the primary improvement holds once extraordinary effects fade. The state recorded a September deficit of 39,034 million, or 2.19% of GDP, although without the extraordinary measures linked to the DANA storm, flooding, the war involving Iran and the migration crisis that balance would be 1.75% of GDP. It also remains to be checked whether regional balance survives the higher-spending final months and whether contributions keep pace, with an average pension in August of 1,373.44 euros, up 4.6% from 2025. --- Unanswered questions --- Can the 21.4% reduction in the primary deficit be maintained at year-end without relying on extraordinary revenue? Will the autonomous communities' balance hold through the final stretch of the year or will the gap reopen? For how long can Social Security surpluses offset a deficit so heavily concentrated in central government? --- EPM analysis --- The strongest finding is distributional: the imbalance is no longer general, it is concentrated. Regions in balance and a Social Security system in surplus coexist with a central government absorbing interest costs, transfers between administrations and extraordinary responses. That shifts the debate away from aggregate spending toward concrete choices on financing, debt costs and temporary measures which, if repeatedly extended, stop being exceptional and become part of the structural spending base of each budget year. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the 21.4% primary improvement and regional balance deserve recognition as real progress, because they show adjustment does not depend solely on collecting more revenue. But the combined 1.75% of GDP, slightly worse than the previous 1.72%, is a reminder that the problem remains alive at the center, where interest and spending are growing at double-digit rates. Fiscal credibility will require turning that partial improvement into a sustained, verifiable path at the close of the full year, with the same breakdown by level of government that today makes it possible to distinguish real progress, temporary effects and risks that do not yet appear in the headline balance presented so far.
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