Spain • • • 🌿 Progressive

Tren de alta velocidad en una estación española al amanecer, junto a un andén vacío con catenarias
Un tren de alta velocidad en una estación española al amanecer. · Imagen generada para EPM

Montero proposes renationalising railways after the Urda tragedy

After the Urda accident, the second on the high-speed network in a year, Irene Montero proposes renationalising the railway under Article 128 of the…

--- The context --- Spain long took pride in its high-speed rail network, but the tragic railway accident in Urda, the second on that network in barely a year, has reopened a fundamental debate about safety, investment and public control. The argument is no longer only about the immediate causes of the crash: it now reaches who maintains the tracks, who controls signalling and who answers when essential services fail under private contracts. In that debate, maintenance, prevention, control and signalling appear as essential services now outsourced to private companies, a fragmentation which, in the account given, leaves safety responsibility divided among multiple firms primarily seeking to maximise their own benefits. --- The facts --- Article 128 of the Constitution recognises public initiative in economic activity and allows, by law, reserving essential resources or services for the public sector, especially in a monopoly, and intervening in companies when the general interest so requires. In 2024, with three operators established, long-distance services carried close to 40 million passengers, 77% more than in 2019, while infrastructure investment fell to 1,764 million euros, its lowest level of the period, and conservation spending per traveller dropped to 8.5 euros. --- The positions --- Podemos leader Irene Montero has proposed renationalising the railway through that route, noting that workers and rail unions had warned for years about safety problems derived from liberalisation. In her account, maintenance, prevention, control and signalling services are outsourced: signalling on the affected section depends on Hitachi and Siemens, while ACS, Sacyr, Ferrovial and Acciona carry out maintenance work. Podemos, Compromis and Izquierda Unida blame liberalisation from late 2020 and early 2021, while PP and Vox point to a lack of investment. --- What remains unknown --- What remains missing is a complete assessment of each section and of how responsibility is shared today among operators, maintenance companies and the administration when a risk is detected. Ouigo, the low-cost subsidiary of France's SNCF, began operations on 11 May 2021 on the Madrid-Barcelona corridor, and Iryo, majority-owned by Ferrovie dello Stato, joined the same corridor in November 2022. Nor are the long-term results of comparable reversals yet known, which makes careful measurement essential. --- Unanswered questions --- What public controls now guarantee that signalling and maintenance put safety ahead of profit? What additional investment would direct public control of the railway require? Can Article 128 be applied to a sector where, as the debate itself acknowledges, there is currently no monopoly situation? --- EPM analysis --- The precedent cited is the United Kingdom, which in 2024 announced renationalising its passenger railway within a maximum of five years, as private contracts expired and without paying compensation. The process began on 31 May with Govia Thameslink Railway, whose routes account for 17% of journeys, and the British Executive argued it would save 150 million pounds a year in fees alone. Minister Peter Hendy defended ending the bureaucracy of a fragmented, privatised system. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the Urda tragedy requires treating the railway as an essential service and not only as a market. The Constitution offers a route, but invoking it demands proving the general interest, assigning responsibility with data and guaranteeing sustained safety investment. If fragmented management dilutes controls, the debate over public control is legitimate and urgent. The answer cannot be limited to promises after an accident: it must become verifiable supervision, sufficient maintenance and a clear parliamentary decision on which model best protects travellers.
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