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Ilustración editorial de niños y niñas afganos leyendo y escribiendo en pupitres de madera dentro de un aula sencilla con luz natural
Niños y niñas en un aula afgana, en una ilustración alusiva a la crisis de acceso y calidad educativa descrita por UNESCO y UNICEF. · Imagen generada para EPM

Afghan children face a narrowing path to education, UN warns

UNESCO and UNICEF warn that more than 2.6 million Afghan girls remain barred from secondary school, boys enrolment is weakening and demand outstrips system…

--- The context --- Afghanistan enters 2026 with a demand for learning that keeps rising and a system with ever less room to respond. The latest education situation report, published by UNESCO and UNICEF, describes that widening mismatch as the defining feature of the country: families keep seeking schooling for their children, even where schools are inaccessible, while the school-age population grew from 10.4 million in 2019 to 11.5 million in 2024. --- The facts --- Access is deeply unequal. More than 2.6 million girls have been barred from attending school beyond the sixth grade since the Taliban returned in August 2021, and the routes left for teenage girls, such as community-based education, literacy and skills programmes, distance and digital learning and private tutoring, fall far short according to the report. Some 5,300 community-driven classes serve around 162,000 learners, with girls accounting for 64 per cent, but nothing can replace in-person schooling or substitute for the fundamental human right to formal education, in the assessment of the authors. Boys are not spared the decline: roughly 53 per cent of primary school-age children remain outside formal general education, with participation of 67 per cent at lower-secondary level and 79 per cent at upper-secondary level in the figures cited. Around 6.6 million children enrolled in public primary schools last year, around 560,000 more than in 2022, without keeping pace with population growth. At university, with women barred, 208,000 students are enrolled this year, compared with 189,000 in 2024 and around 430,000 in 2020. --- The positions --- The two United Nations agencies call for the full restoration of the right to education for Afghan girls and women and for the barriers that undermine teaching quality to be lifted. They also press for better quality and for investment in teachers and classroom materials. Their central warning is that without urgent action a whole generation will be left behind, directly harming the future recovery and development of the country. --- What remains unknown --- The report itself acknowledges incomplete information on private, Islamic and alternative educational provision, which makes it hard to measure precisely how many children learn outside the formal system and with what results. It also remains unclear how community classes will be sustained, or what will happen to the teenage girls who now depend on temporary programmes when that support runs out. --- Unanswered questions --- When will Afghan girls be able to return to secondary school fully and safely? What will happen to the generation that has already lost years of in-person classes if the ban remains in place? Can community classes and digital learning prevent the gap from becoming permanent? --- EPM analysis --- The gravest fact is not only exclusion, but its duration. Each year without secondary school for girls narrows the pathway into tertiary study, skills development and employment, as the report warns when it describes an increasingly narrow route through the system. A quality crisis compounds the problem: a nationwide assessment found that less than half of fourth graders, among eight to nine-year-olds, reached minimum proficiency in language. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, what is at stake in Afghanistan is not one more schooling statistic, but the entire future of a generation whose door is being closed in childhood. Defending the return of girls to the classroom is not a symbolic gesture: without formal education there will be no women doctors, teachers or professionals able to sustain the recovery of the country, and every lost school year makes that rebuilding more distant, more costly and more unequal for all Afghans.
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