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Vista aérea de un complejo penitenciario en construcción con grúas y edificios de concreto en un paisaje seco
Complejo penitenciario en construcción, imagen alusiva a las nuevas cárceles de Colombia. · Imagen generada para EPM

Colombia sets delivery dates for four new prisons amid crisis

The National Planning Department presented to the Constitutional Court the schedule for four prisons under construction: Riohacha in December 2026, Pereira in…

--- The context --- Colombia has lived for years with a prison crisis that the Constitutional Court treats as an unconstitutional state of affairs, the figure reserved for structural failures that no single office can repair on its own. The crisis is not measured only inside existing prisons. The country had 1,144 temporary detention spaces, including holding rooms in police stations and substations and immediate reaction units. They had capacity for 9,686 people but were holding 18,824. The excess was 9,138 people and overcrowding reached 94.34%. In addition, 17,292 people had spent more than 36 hours deprived of liberty in spaces intended for short stays. Those figures, from August 2026, describe a system operating at almost twice its capacity in temporary spaces. --- The facts --- Against that backdrop, on Wednesday, November 4, 2026, during a public follow-up hearing in Bogotá, the national government presented the delivery schedule for four new penitentiary establishments under construction. Riohacha, in La Guajira, leads the list with the highest progress of the four and is scheduled for delivery in December 2026, which would make it the first to be finished. The presentation was made before the Special Follow-up Chamber, with the national government and other authorities taking part, in a proceeding that examined the prison system and the temporary detention centers. Sabana del San Ángel, in Magdalena, records 87% progress and is projected for delivery in August 2027. Pereira records progress close to 65% and, although it is lower than that of Riohacha and Sabana del San Ángel, its delivery is estimated for April 2027, four months earlier than the Magdalena establishment. Barrancabermeja, in Santander, records 41%, the lowest progress, with delivery in 2028, which would make it the last to enter into operation. --- The positions --- The hearing was convened on October 19, 2026, by the Special Follow-up Chamber for the unconstitutional state of affairs in prisons and temporary detention centers. National and territorial authorities took part, along with oversight bodies, judicial representatives, civil society organizations, universities and experts. Julián Buitrago, director of the National Planning Department, raised that the parallel execution of the processes related to the construction could be among the factors behind the delays. He also noted that none of the four projects has yet reached its purpose, a situation identified while monitoring the agreement and shared within the government in this new stage. The Court explained that the proceeding seeks to identify the obstacles preventing the structural crisis from being overcome, compare solutions and establish responsibilities and commitments among institutions. --- What remains unknown --- The schedule sets dates and progress percentages, but it does not specify how many places each establishment will contribute or by how much they would reduce overcrowding in temporary centers. The exact progress for Riohacha is also unknown, beyond its being the highest, as is the specific month in 2028 for Barrancabermeja. Without those place numbers, neither the Court nor the public can measure whether the four deliveries, even if they arrive on time, will change the daily reality of the temporary centers or only relieve a fraction of an excess that already stood at 9,138 people in August 2026. Nor did the hearing settle its own axes: financing, fiscal sustainability and distribution of powers; overcrowding, infrastructure, places and transfers; and evaluation and strengthening of follow-up mechanisms and information systems. --- Unanswered questions --- How many places will each prison add, and what share of the 18,824 people in temporary centers could be transferred? Will the dates of December 2026 for Riohacha and April 2027 for Pereira hold, even though Pereira records progress close to 65%? What exact date in 2028 applies to Barrancabermeja, and what measures will correct the parallel execution raised by Buitrago? Who will assume the operation of the new establishments once delivered? --- EPM analysis --- The value of the hearing does not lie only in announcing four dates: the schedule becomes a measurable commitment. In December 2026 it will be known, with no room for interpretation, whether Riohacha was delivered or not. For those who today wait in rooms designed for hours, the difference between a calendar that is met and one that slips is not administrative. It is the difference between recovering minimum conditions for thousands of people and continuing to accumulate days of waiting in spaces that the Court itself considers part of the structural problem the hearing seeks to overcome with articulated and verifiable measures. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the schedule for the four prisons is a verifiable step forward after years of crisis without dates, but its real reach will depend on the places it contributes and on deliveries arriving without new delays. With overcrowding of 94.34% in temporary centers and 17,292 people held for more than 36 hours in short-stay spaces, each month of delay carries a concrete human cost. Oversight by the Court and public tracking of every percentage will be decisive if December 2026 is to mark a genuine change and not another postponement announced with institutional solemnity before the same unresolved emergency.
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