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Edificio institucional en la zona financiera de Bogotá con documentos presupuestarios y una gráfica de deuda sobre una mesa
Imagen alusiva al debate fiscal colombiano sobre deuda, gasto público y la ley de rescate fiscal. · Imagen generada para EPM

Minister and Petro clash over debt, spending and fiscal rescue

The finance minister attributed spending of 35% of GDP to the Petro government and defended the fiscal rescue to raise $44 billones (pesos), while Petro…

--- The context --- Colombia is debating how to repair its public accounts after an exchange between Finance Minister Miguel Gómez Martínez and former president Gustavo Petro. The minister attributed to the previous government spending that, in his diagnosis, left finances under pressure, while Petro defended his record. --- The facts --- In a video on social media, the minister said public spending reached 35% of GDP in the Petro government, the largest share in history according to his account. He spoke of a time bomb and used the word addiction for debt and spending, as a metaphor about public finances and not as a medical claim or a claim about personal consumption. The minister also attributed to the previous government waste at the Ministry of Equality, thousands of contractors he considered unnecessary and irregularities at the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management, although he did not detail concrete facts on that last point. Defending the fiscal rescue law, he said it would seek to raise $44 billones (pesos). The bill was filed on October 29, 2026, before the Secretariat of the Chamber and proposes a spending reduction equivalent to 2,2%, with measures planned mainly for 2027 and 2028. José Manuel Restrepo said when presenting it that it seeks to avoid a crisis, a recession and the loss of 360.000 jobs. Personnel spending in the General Budget would fall 20% in nominal terms by 2028 and service contracts would cut costs by 50% in 2027 compared with 2026, alongside extraordinary powers for the president for six months to restructure, merge or abolish ministries, superintendencies and agencies. On taxes, the corporate income rate would move from 35% to 33% in 2027 and to 31% from 2028. For individuals, the zero marginal rate threshold would fall from 1.090 to 720 UVT, with a 9% rate in that bracket, the labor exemption would fall from 25% with an annual limit moving from 790 to 630 UVT and the deduction of 72 UVT for dependents would disappear. VAT would be general at 19% and from 2028 the reduced 5% rates would be eliminated, with changes for coffee, sugar, oils, pasta, chocolate, prepaid medicine, electric and hybrid vehicles, bicycles and digital services. --- The positions --- For the minister, according to his video, the economy became dependent on public spending and action is urgent to contain debt and reduce obligations. In that reading, the fiscal rescue presented by the government of Abelardo De La Espriella is the mechanism to rehabilitate public finances. Petro replied on November 2, 2026, on social media and said real debt grew 1,3 points of GDP in his government compared with 11,3 points under Duque. He attributed the increase to the interest rate of the Banco de la República and not to new balances, said large external debt balances such as the IMF debt were paid, blamed the deficit on Restrepo and Duque linking it to the social outbreak and warned the middle class would face economic failure, with $35 billones (pesos) in annual new taxes falling largely on it and higher food prices. --- What remains unknown --- Official documents still need to test both readings on debt, establish how much of the increase came from interest and how much from new balances, and provide verifiable detail behind the claims about contractors and risk management. The effect of each tax change on households and businesses also remains to be measured. --- Unanswered questions --- What official documents support each of the two versions about debt growth? How will the cost of the new taxes be shared among the middle class, businesses and other taxpayers? What will happen to food prices if the reduced VAT rates change from 2028? --- EPM analysis --- The debate combines a fiscal diagnosis, a defense of a past administration and a proposal of adjustment. The concerns attributed to Petro about the middle class sit alongside the warning from the minister about dependence on spending, and both readings will need testing against comparable official figures. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the clash leaves two measurable accounts and a legislative decision ahead, with the full proof not yet resting on either side alone. The minister offered an attributed diagnosis with concrete figures and Petro answered with his own debt comparison and with warnings about the middle class that deserve documentary testing. The responsible course is to follow the fiscal rescue process, check each figure against official sources and separate political metaphor from verifiable data before anticipating effects on households, jobs and prices in Colombia. That verification, document by document, is what will give real weight to each argument presented by the parties.
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