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Marcha pacífica vista desde atrás frente a un palacio de gobierno, con un corredor abierto por el que avanza una ambulancia y agentes a un costado
Imagen ilustrativa generada con IA: una movilización pacífica con corredor habilitado para el paso de una ambulancia. · Imagen generada con IA para Erick Prometeo Media

Colombia protects peaceful protest and sets clear limits on violence

President Abelardo de La Espriella confirmed Decree 1525 of 2026, which amends Decree 003 of 2021, protects peaceful protest, creates five documented levels of…

--- The context --- Colombia has redrawn, by decree, the balance between protesting peacefully and working, studying, moving freely and living in peace. President Abelardo de La Espriella confirmed Decree 1525 of 2026, which amends and supplements Decree 003 of 2021, strengthens guarantees for peaceful demonstrators and ensures that authorities act within the law against violence and blockades. --- The facts --- The reform sets five levels of intervention: preventive facilitation, dialogue, institutional mediation, deterrence and restoration of order. Each step must be documented and, for levels four and five, an order from the first police authority will be required, unless there is an imminent risk to life or a crime is being committed. The document was also signed by Minister Rodrigo Lara Restrepo. The Police may intervene in a focused way, even while dialogue continues, if they detect weapons, explosives, detentions, assaults, attacks on medical or press missions, or damage to infrastructure. But no decision may be based on the content of the call to protest, on speeches or on garments that cover the face, and blocking a road does not automatically make a mobilization violent. --- The positions --- The president said, in indirect terms, that he had kept his word, that peaceful protest is respected and that violence, vandalism and blockades will not be tolerated. He added that peaceful protesters deserve every guarantee, that violent actors should face the full weight of the law with due process and that there is no right to destroy, block or sow chaos. --- What remains unknown --- The rule orders solidarity corridors for ambulances, relief agencies, people with disabilities, older adults, pregnant women, minors and the transport of medicines, food and hospital supplies, and it strengthens unified command posts among the Police, the Military Forces, mayors offices, provincial governments and the national government. How that coordination will work on concrete protest days remains unknown. --- Unanswered questions --- How will the documentation required at each step between levels be verified in practice? Who will check that a focused intervention respects the limits on speeches and calls to protest? Will solidarity corridors work from the very first moment of each protest day? --- EPM analysis --- The value of the rule lies in its safeguards: gradual levels, documented orders and the principle that a blockade, by itself, does not amount to violence. Its risk lies in open ideas such as serious and sustained disruption. Later oversight will therefore matter: mayors offices and provincial governments must publish within 72 hours a report on injuries, damage, complaints, arrests and actions by state agents. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the decree is right to protect peaceful protest with written rules, gradual levels and express limits on interventions based on ideas or appearance. Its legitimacy, however, will be decided in the street and in the 72 hour reports: if documentation is real and solidarity corridors work, there will be more guarantees for everyone; if the safeguards become mere paperwork, the rule will lose credibility. Citizens deserve protest without violence and authority without arbitrariness, at the same time and without exceptions.
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