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Ilustración de un ecosistema vivo con selva, jaguar y arrecife junto a un paisaje degradado con árboles muertos y coral blanqueado
Un ecosistema vivo frente a un paisaje degradado: la brecha entre la ambición de proteger la naturaleza y la acción real. · Imagen generada para EPM

World falls behind on protecting nature, UN report warns

A UN report warns that fewer than half of national biodiversity targets are on track: even if current commitments are met, only 26 per cent of land and 12 per…

--- The context --- A new United Nations report warns that fewer than half of the national targets set to protect plants, animals and ecosystems are on track, days before countries gather in Yerevan, Armenia, for the biodiversity conference. The warning follows the deal struck in Montreal in 2022, which set out living in harmony with nature by 2050, with urgent action needed by 2030. --- The facts --- The flagship goal is to protect at least 30 per cent of land, inland waters, coasts and oceans by 2030. Yet the report finds that even if current commitments are met, only 26 per cent of land and 12 per cent of the ocean would be protected by that deadline. Progress is also lagging on money, skills, cooperation and data, and on incentives that reward protecting nature rather than destroying it. There has been partial progress since 2022. Nearly 90 per cent of countries that are parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity have set national targets, and more than half have drawn up their own plans. More than 70 per cent have measured and reported on their results. Indigenous Peoples, local communities, regional and city authorities, charities and businesses have made some 5,000 commitments, though a serious gap remains between ambition and action. --- The positions --- Secretary-General António Guterres wrote in the report that biodiversity underpins life and that safeguarding it is essential to the health of the planet, the resilience of economies and the wellbeing of all people. At the launch in Yerevan, he said that the war on nature has not yet ended, and he warned of three interlinked crises: climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. The report calls for money and expertise for developing countries on a far bigger scale, for scrapping subsidies that harm nature, strengthening social protection and redirecting spending towards protecting nature. It also calls for work with businesses on strong disclosure rules, better coordination between governments, business, civil society, young people, women and Indigenous Peoples, and for biodiversity to be part of every decision across policies, regulations and budgets, as Guterres argued. --- What remains unknown --- What remains unclear is how the gap will be closed between the 26 per cent of land expected to be protected and the 30 per cent goal, or how ocean protection will grow from 12 per cent, or what mechanisms will make the 5,000 commitments count in practice. --- Unanswered questions --- Which countries will provide the money and expertise that developing countries need, and by when? Will subsidies that harm nature be scrapped, or will they keep rewarding its destruction? How will anyone verify that commitments by businesses and communities become real protection on the ground? --- EPM analysis --- The progressive reading stresses that nature is not defended by declarations: it requires collective financing, social protection so that change does not punish the most vulnerable, and a voice for Indigenous Peoples, women and young people in decisions. That nearly 90 per cent of countries have targets shows that consensus exists; what is missing is turning it into budgets, rules and verifiable results before 2030. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the central fact is not only the delay but the distance between promising and protecting: even if every current commitment is met, land protection would reach 26 per cent and ocean protection 12 per cent, short of the 2030 goal. The answer cannot be another cycle of good intentions. It requires money at a far bigger scale, subsidies aligned with protecting rather than destroying, and biodiversity built into every budget and regulation, with public accountability for results.
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