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Ilustración editorial de un edificio de congreso con una balanza que pesa documentos de gasto público frente a documentos de inversión, rodeada de papeles financieros y monedas
Ilustración alusiva al debate sobre el gasto público y la deuda en Colombia. · Imagen generada para EPM

Garcés calls for a $40 trillion spending cut and a debt rethink

Senator Christian Garcés, coordinating rapporteur of the General Budget of the Nation for 2027, proposed cutting $40 trillion from operating expenses, equal to…

--- The context --- Colombia is debating how its General Budget of the Nation for 2027 is divided, and the current distribution leaves little room to invest. According to Senator Christian Garcés, the coordinating rapporteur of that budget, the operating costs of the State absorb most resources, investment receives a reduced share and debt service takes another large portion of the total. That structure has direct consequences for people's lives. When operating spending and financial commitments dominate the budget, fewer resources remain for infrastructure, social care and the recovery of territories hit by disasters, precisely where the presence of the State matters most for vulnerable populations across the country. --- The facts --- Garcés asked to cut $40 trillion from the operating expenses of the State and to rethink the public debt of the country. According to the figures he presented, operating costs represent 62% of the budget, investment corresponds to between 14% and 15%, and debt service equals 24% of the total allocation. The proposed cut equals two points of GDP, and the amount planned for debt service amounted to $155 trillion. According to his account of the budget discussion, a reduction of $8 trillion was achieved in that item, resources that will go to energy and gas subsidies and to disaster relief related to the earthquake and the El Niño phenomenon. --- The positions --- The senator argued, in reported speech, that the country needs a structural change in the budget and that keeping the current level of operating spending limits the capacity of the Government to meet the needs of citizens. He also backed a fiscal adjustment or economic rescue law, while rejecting new taxes that affect companies and ventures, and defended strengthening the productive apparatus, increasing exports and generating employment. In his proposal, reducing operating costs and reviewing the debt should expand investment without abandoning vulnerable populations. He also noted that talks with the International Monetary Fund remain open and that an eventual agreement could help recover international confidence, although he did not state that the negotiations have concluded. --- What remains unknown --- The details of the measures that the Executive will present under the fiscal adjustment are still unknown. According to what Garcés indicated, the Government was carrying out calculations and projections to define them, and his party expects to see that proposal to correct the fiscal imbalances, after first moving forward with the approval of the budget. --- Unanswered questions --- Which entities and programs would absorb the $40 trillion cut without losing essential services for citizens across the country? How would Colombia guarantee that the savings actually reach social investment and infrastructure instead of being lost along the way? What concrete mechanisms would allow the debt to be reprofiled while meeting the obligations of the State without committing such a high share of the budget? --- EPM analysis --- The underlying debate is not only how much the State spends, but what it spends on and whom each peso protects. An adjustment that frees resources can be positive if it shields social investment, health and reconstruction, because during the legislative process resources for medicines and health care were increased by $5 trillion and the budget of SENA had an increase of 25%, items that sustain basic rights. Reconstruction after the earthquake requires, according to what was stated, close to $50 trillion over the next four years for areas such as Eje Cafetero, Chocó, Valle del Cauca and northern Cauca, and $3.8 trillion was secured in the budget to assist those affected. The distance between both figures shows that any cut must be measured by its impact on the territories, not only by its accounting size. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the proposal by Garcés is right to point out that a budget where operating costs and debt dominate leaves investment in a permanent minority. The adjustment will be fair only if it protects vulnerable populations, sustains health, training and the reconstruction of affected territories, and turns every trillion saved into verifiable works and services. Cutting without that social shield would replace one imbalance with another, and the country already knows the cost of saving at the expense of those who have the least.
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