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Imagen alusiva generada para esta historia sobre los riesgos de la inteligencia artificial para las infraestructuras esenciales.

AI can already plan attacks on power grids and water plants, study warns

A study by the cybersecurity firm Frenos evaluated 10 artificial intelligence models and found that three completed attack plans against power grids and water…

--- The context --- Essential services such as drinking water supplies and manufacturing plants have for years been targets of state adversaries and common cybercriminals, according to the research. Many operators face staffing and budget limitations that make a rapid response difficult in the face of increasingly complex digital threats. The source adds a particular technical obstacle: testing and updating these systems carries the risk of causing interruptions in services that cannot afford failures, which delays the adoption of security improvements. --- The facts --- The cybersecurity firm Frenos evaluated 10 artificial intelligence models to measure their ability to design digital offensives against essential infrastructure. The research subjected the models to almost 17,000 tests, of which 2,520 consisted of attempts to build complete attack plans against industrial systems, including the software that supervises water treatment processes. The models were given information about possible targets and asked to reconstruct the steps needed to reach specific goals of sabotage or intrusion. Three of the 10 models evaluated managed to complete the attack plans in approximately 90 percent of attempts, and the source states that some systems reached success rates above 90 percent in certain cases. Performance was not uniform, however. The three models considered frontier systems by the researchers, in terms of their general capabilities, performed lower, between 17.9 and 31.9 percent success. The strongest foreign open-weight model reached 36.2 percent effectiveness, while its strongest United States equivalent reached only 5.2 percent, and Frenos did not reveal the identity of any of the models tested. --- The positions --- Steve Swick, a former senior security executive at American Electric Power, summed up the urgency of the phenomenon during a press conference, stating in attributed terms that this is a clock moving faster than ever before. The central concern gathered by the source is not only the current capability of the models, but the speed at which these tools could become widely accessible. Harry Thomas, cofounder and chief technology officer at Frenos, explained that once attackers gain access to an industrial network, artificial intelligence could help them discreetly map the systems and identify vulnerabilities without the time limitations of human hackers. Paul Shaver, head of operational technology at the cybersecurity firm Armadin, added that artificial intelligence agents are already capable of reconnaissance tasks and of analyzing large volumes of data without necessarily triggering security alerts. --- What remains unknown --- Frenos did not reveal the identity of any of the models tested, so it is not possible to know which specific systems achieved each result or to compare their performance with real-world uses outside the test environment. The source also does not state that these plans were executed against operating infrastructure: what was measured is the ability to design the offensive, a step prior to any effective attack. --- Unanswered questions --- How long will freely available models take to match the success rates close to 90 percent recorded in the study? Which water and electricity operators today have enough staff and budget to respond at that speed? Can industrial systems be updated without interrupting services that cannot afford failures? --- EPM analysis --- The source raises an asymmetry that deserves attention: unlike traditional corporate networks, industrial systems can be sensitive to data traffic and unexpected commands, so even a failed attack attempt could interrupt essential operations. Thomas also noted that researchers used a relatively simple configuration to guide the models, meaning the figures obtained may not represent the real ceiling of these capabilities, and more sophisticated tools could considerably improve the performance observed in the tests. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the Frenos findings make the defense of essential services a task that no longer tolerates long delays or short budgets, because the ability to plan attacks no longer depends only on human specialists with time and resources. If three of the 10 models evaluated completed plans in around 90 percent of attempts, and if freely available tools could bring that capability closer to more actors, protecting water and electricity also becomes a question of equitable access to modern defenses for operators working with limited staff and limited budgets today.
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