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Granos de trigo dorados y espigas en una placa de laboratorio junto a tubos de ensayo y un microscopio, con un puerto báltico al atardecer al fondo
Muestras de grano de trigo bajo análisis en un laboratorio con vistas a un puerto báltico al atardecer, imagen alusiva a la verificación científica del origen del grano. · Imagen generada por EPM

UK, Ukraine and Latvia widen the net against stolen grain

The UK, Ukraine and Latvia signed a memorandum extending the Grain Verification Scheme, which uses chemical fingerprints and nearly 3,400 reference points to…

--- The context --- The fight over stolen Ukrainian grain is a central front in the response to Russia's illegal invasion. Ukraine says agricultural produce from Russian-occupied areas has been sold on the international market, while legitimate Black Sea exports face ongoing disruption. Identifying each shipment's origin is now an economic and legal defence tool. --- The facts --- The UK, Ukraine and Latvia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to extend the Grain Verification Scheme, building on the UK's landmark 100-year partnership with Ukraine. Trade Minister Baroness Hayman signed it this week with counterparts from Ukraine and Latvia, extending access beyond Lithuania and Ukraine, which have used the scheme since January 2025. The scheme uses cutting-edge science to identify grain's geographic origin and track produce stolen from Russian-occupied areas. It combines physical samples with machine learning and techniques including stable isotope ratio analysis and trace element analysis, to build a chemical fingerprint. That fingerprint is compared against a reference database of nearly 3,400 geolocated points across Ukraine and neighbouring countries, allowing an assessment of likely origin. The scheme was handed over to Ukraine and Lithuania in March 2025; Lithuania has since built a legal framework for sampling and testing, and its authorities now gather and analyse samples. --- The positions --- Defra Minister Baroness Hayman said, according to the announcement, that the UK continues to stand shoulder to shoulder with Ukraine against Russia's illegal invasion. Extending the scheme to Latvia, she argued, widens the net against those profiting from stolen grain and protects global food markets. For Ukraine, Latvia's participation expands the network able to use the scheme, strengthens Baltic cooperation and supports its response to agricultural theft from occupied territories. Kyiv also seeks support from European partners on the Baltic Sea to prevent grain of Russian origin transiting through Baltic ports. --- What remains unknown --- The announcement gives no timetable for Latvia to complete its legal framework for sampling, nor the number of consignments to be tested. It also leaves open what consequences will follow when analysis points to a likely origin in occupied territory, and how disputes over scientific findings would be resolved. --- Unanswered questions --- When will Latvia begin gathering and analysing samples regularly under the extended scheme? What measures will Baltic ports apply when a chemical fingerprint points to stolen grain? Will the wider network deter sales of looted grain or mainly document them more precisely? --- EPM analysis --- Latvia's entry turns a scientific tool into a regional control network across the Baltic. Every additional country able to match chemical fingerprints shrinks the space in which stolen produce can enter formal trade undetected. Its strength, developed by the UK on behalf of the G7, lies in pairing science with legal frameworks that let authorities act; without that step, evidence risks remaining a diagnosis without consequences. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, extending grain verification to Latvia is a practical step that targets the economic profit behind agricultural theft in the occupied territories and defends the credibility of food markets. The science supplies the fingerprint and the Baltic network supplies the coverage, but the real impact will depend on each country turning analysis into swift port and legal decisions. If that chain works, stealing Ukrainian grain will stop being a quiet business and become a provable risk at every port that receives it.
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