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Ilustración de billetes y monedas junto a una curva ascendente que representa el crecimiento de la deuda pública
El ajuste fiscal colombiano exigirá varios años de correcciones, según Oxford Economics. · Imagen generada — Erick Prometeo Media

Adjustment to 2030: Colombia's Social Cost Question

A report by Oxford Economics argues that Colombia's fiscal correction will take years and warns that, without a gradual path, the burden may fall on households…

--- The context --- For many communities, a fiscal debate is never just an abstract figure, because it raises fears that services will be trimmed for years. In analysis by Joan Domene, its chief economist for Latin America, Oxford Economics portrays a long correction path where rigid spending makes every choice unusually sensitive. --- The facts --- The danger highlighted for the whole region is getting stuck in an extended stretch of feeble growth, with half-finished adjustments that make financing costlier. Higher real interest rates and weak investment already demand larger surpluses if debts are to stop climbing. Colombia would close 2026 with a primary shortfall of 3.2% of gross domestic product, against the surplus of around 1% needed to halt the debt trajectory. The distance to correct totals 4.2% of gross domestic product, the widest sustainability gap among Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Peru and Colombia. That primary balance compares revenue and spending once interest is left aside. --- The positions --- Viewed through a social lens, the central warning is that budgetary rigidities shrink the room to shield what is essential. Compounding that constraint, the government of Abelardo De La Espriella has chosen not to lean on tax increases, shifting the entire weight toward the composition of spending. Even though the executive holds a right-wing majority in Congress sympathetic to its program, the firm doubts that pacts to trim outlays will be easy to assemble. It also judges it unlikely that growth-oriented reforms will close the imbalance on their own. --- What remains unknown --- Two moments will reveal the chosen route: the adjustment bill the government will present soon and the International Monetary Fund mission scheduled for November. Step-by-step advances are expected, yet the task would remain unfinished when the presidential term concludes in 2030. --- Unanswered questions --- Who will bear the cost if adjustment stretches all the way to 2030? What mechanisms will shield lower-income households during the transition? How will the effort be shared without degrading basic services? Will compensation reach the communities most exposed to cuts? --- EPM analysis --- Thinking about correction in gradual terms does not mean postponing it, but sequencing it so it does not become socially unsustainable. Protecting the basic safety net, making each stage transparent and avoiding shocks would let the effort endure for years. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the key figure is not only the scale of 4.2% of gross domestic product, but the time needed to close it and who will sustain that journey in everyday life. Colombia can travel that road if it sequences decisions, preserves indispensable social spending and speaks honestly about deadlines through 2030. Adjusting without social sensitivity would erode the citizen backing the correction needs to persist and stabilize the debt.
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