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Termómetro gigante con la columna en rojo sobre una ciudad envuelta en niebla de calor bajo un sol abrasador
El calor extremo y la niebla térmica sobre una ciudad, en una imagen alusiva al aumento de los riesgos sanitarios ligados al clima. · Imagen generada — Erick Prometeo Media

Heat and drought deepen the global health emergency

The Lancet Countdown report, in association with WHO, finds that health harms from climate change are accelerating, with rising heat-related deaths, expanding…

--- The context --- The Lancet Countdown report, produced in association with the World Health Organization, finds that health harms from climate change are accelerating. Its authors state that heat-related deaths, drought and other climate-related risks are increasing faster than a decade ago, while expanded fossil fuel extraction holds back progress and threatens health risks described as catastrophic, even as clean energy investment and climate action begin to deliver health benefits. --- The facts --- Heat exposure caused the loss of 573 billion potential work hours in 2025, costed at $1.07 trillion. Heat-related deaths increased by nearly 36 per cent in the years following the 2015 Paris Agreement compared with the previous decade, and the global area affected by extreme drought grew more than 700 per cent faster than in 2006–2015, with droughts affecting 51.8 per cent of land on earth for at least one month in 2025. The analysis, led by University College London with researchers and institutions worldwide, tracks 54 indicators linking climate change and health. Conditions suitable for dengue transmission by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes increased by 24 per cent between 1981-90 and 2016-25, while suitability for Aedes aegypti rose by seven per cent. At the same time, cleaner air is preventing an estimated 323,000 deaths a year in 70 countries where fossil fuel air pollution has fallen. --- The positions --- The authors maintain that climate change should be formally recognized as a global health emergency, in support of stronger health-centred action ahead of the UN COP31 conference in Antalya, Türkiye. WHO responds through surveillance, early warning systems, health adaptation planning, technical guidance and emergency response teams, closely follows the expected health impacts of the ongoing El Niño event, and oversees ATACH, the network of health ministries building climate-resilient, low-carbon health systems. Priorities include faster emissions cuts, more adaptation support and stronger health system resilience. --- What remains unknown --- The report does not specify how much of the record $2.1 trillion global investment in clean energy last year reached countries with the fewest climate and health laws. It also leaves open the timetable for extending national health adaptation plans to every country and how that expansion would be financed. The legal gap is stark in the figures the analysis itself provides for 2025. --- Unanswered questions --- Will climate change be formally recognized as a global health emergency before COP31? How will the gap between 55 per cent of laws in wealthy nations and two per cent in developing countries be closed? What concrete steps will follow the adaptation plans already adopted? Will the largest oil and gas companies revise plans to produce 150 per cent more fossil fuels by 2040 than is compatible with keeping warming to 1.5°C? --- EPM analysis --- A progressive reading of these findings stresses inequality: the countries with the fewest laws and resources face growing risks from heat, drought and dengue. Progress is real, with clean energy jobs growing 2.3 per cent in 2024 and climate and health laws rising roughly 50-fold since the year 2000, yet it coexists with fossil fuel plans running far beyond what a 1.5°C path allows, up from 138 per cent a year earlier to 150 per cent. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, health must move to the centre of climate policy with real funding for adaptation, early warning systems and resilient health services in the most exposed countries. The evidence shows clear gains when air pollution falls and clean energy grows, alongside an unfair gap in laws and protection. Recognition without resources would be an empty gesture; the response should be measured in lives protected, work hours saved and communities able to withstand the next extreme episode.
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