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Spain inflation holds at 4.9% in October, highest since 2023

Spain inflation holds at 4.9% in October, highest since 2023

Spain's Consumer Price Index held an annual rate of 4.9% in October, the same as in February 2023, in a third straight month above 4% despite cheaper fuels.

--- The context --- Spanish inflation has now spent three straight months above 4% without a clear path downward. October brought stability in the annual rate, but also a ninth consecutive monthly increase, keeping the cost of living at levels not seen since February 2023. --- The facts --- The National Statistics Institute reported on Friday that the Consumer Price Index held an annual rate of 4.9% in October, the same level recorded in February 2023. It is the third consecutive month in which the indicator has stood above 4%. Fuels and lubricants for private vehicles lowered prices this month, in contrast with the increase of October 2025, while food rose at a slower pace than a year ago. Those declines were offset by package holidays, whose prices fell by less than then, by gas, which rose above last year's increase, and by liquid fuels, which became more expensive, unlike the previous fall. Core inflation, which excludes unprocessed food and energy products because of their high volatility, stood at 3.1% in October. That rate sits 1.8 points below the headline index and matches March 2024. In monthly terms, the index rose 0.6% from September, three tenths more than the previous month, completing nine straight months of monthly rises. The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices trimmed one tenth from its annual rate to 4.9%, with a monthly change of 0.5% and core inflation also estimated at 3.1%. The extended diesel discount, at twenty cents per litre, remained active, while the petrol rebate stayed at five cents. --- The positions --- The statistics institute attributed the behaviour mainly to one-off energy factors rather than structural pressures on prices. On that reading, fuel moderation was helped by the discounts in force and by international crude oil markets, which pushed fuels in the opposite direction to October 2025. --- What remains unknown --- The figures released on Friday are still an advance estimate. The institute will publish the final October data on 13 November, and only then will the full breakdown be known, along with confirmation or revision of the advanced rates. --- Unanswered questions --- Will the final data on 13 November confirm the advance rate of 4.9% for October? How much longer will the headline index remain above 4% if monthly increases keep chaining together? Will the diesel and petrol discounts that moderated fuel prices this month remain in force? --- EPM analysis --- The gap between the headline index and core inflation defines the problem: at 1.8 points, much of the tension remains in the most volatile components. An annual rate that does not move while the monthly rate accelerates points to an uncomfortable plateau rather than a correction. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the October figure does not describe inflation that has been defeated, but inflation that has settled in and refuses to fall from around 4.9%. Core inflation at 3.1% offers partial relief and shows the underlying trend moving more slowly, yet nine straight months of monthly rises weigh against any optimistic reading. The final confirmation on 13 November will show whether this plateau precedes a decline or signals a more durable and more costly floor for Spanish families in the months ahead.
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