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Multitud en una amplia plaza de Pyongyang frente a un gran mural bajo un cielo gris
Imagen generada: una plaza de Pyongyang, a propósito del aislamiento descrito por la oficina de derechos humanos de la ONU.

North Korea more closed than ever, UN official says

James Heenan, head of the UN human rights office in Seoul, described a North Korea more closed than ever, with constant hunger, forced labour touching every…

--- The context --- North Korea is more closed to the world today than at any point in its history, according to James Heenan, head of the UN human rights office in Seoul. Almost no one can enter the country, so his team monitors the situation from outside, relying on direct witnesses, on information published by the North Korean Government itself and on satellite imagery. That contrast runs through the whole account. Factories and hospitals are under construction, smartphones and mobile banking are widely used, yet constant hunger persists, forced labour touches every family and the border with China is so tightly sealed that even illegal crossings have almost stopped, according to Heenan. --- The facts --- According to Heenan, hunger is a constant, and every single person interviewed spoke about hunger at some point. White rice is a luxury, to the point that, as some interviewees recounted, they realised something was different outside only when they escaped to China and saw that everyone there was eating white rice. There was a drought earlier this year, but harvests were acceptable. Forced labour is part of life for every family, according to the office. Heenan described mobilisations known as shock brigades, in which people must provide free labour for public works and can be sent away for days, weeks, months or even years, without pay. He also noted that in many places schoolchildren are sent to the fields, particularly during harvest, and that information held by his office indicates that this amounts to a form of forced labour involving children. Daily life depends heavily on songbun, the classification that places each person in the loyal class, the wavering class or the hostile class, as Heenan explained. The international humanitarian community, including the UN, has had no access for five or six years, so when disaster strikes the population cannot draw on that support. --- The positions --- Heenan maintained that the country does engage with the UN on human rights issues and that this dimension must not be forgotten when the peninsula is discussed only in terms of peace and security. He also welcomed the programmes promoted by the Government, among them the 20-by-10 project, which aims to build factories in 20 counties every year for 10 years, alongside extensive hospital construction. At the same time, Heenan expressed concern that large works can involve forced labour during construction, according to the historical evidence held by his office. On technology, he described a double-edged picture: thousands of 3G telephone masts, more than 20 types of smartphones and mobile banking that is widely used and valued, but all within a restricted environment, without internet access, where technology also makes surveillance more efficient, as the head of the office set out during the interview in New York. --- What remains unknown --- The office cannot verify inside the country the real impact of the economic programmes or of the new construction, precisely because it has no access to the territory. Nor is it known how far the paid jobs that appear to be emerging actually reach, or under what conditions the large works are carried out. --- Unanswered questions --- Will the human rights office ever be able to operate inside the country again in the near future? Under what conditions are the factories and hospitals of the flagship programmes being built today? Will paid jobs truly change the lives of the most vulnerable families across the country? Will the meetings of separated families that took place until 2018 resume at last? Will international humanitarian aid be able to return after five or six years without access at all? --- EPM analysis --- The portrait emerging from the interview is of a country that moves and closes itself off at the same time. Factories, hospitals, telephones and payment methods change, but the barrier separating its inhabitants from the outside world does not, nor do the burdens they bear daily, such as the hunger described by every interviewee and the forced labour that reaches every family. That combination of internal movement and external isolation is the key to not treating as unchanging a reality that keeps transforming far from any independent scrutiny by outside observers. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the most revealing element of Heenan's testimony is that isolation is no longer just a political condition but the very structure of daily life in North Korea, because it decides who eats white rice and who does not, who can obtain medicines, who works without pay and who can even imagine leaving to earn money abroad and coming back one day. Against that barrier, the economic and technological changes described by the office deserve attention, but not premature celebration, while nobody can verify on the ground their real impact or the conditions under which each announced work is built across the country.
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