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Salón de sesiones del Congreso de Colombia, con sus curules y pantallas, en un ambiente institucional
El Congreso de la República, donde se tramita la Ley de Rescate Económico defendida por el Gobierno. · Imagen generada por EPM

Colombia Faces Default Next Year Without Rescue Law, Ministers Warn

Vice President José Manuel Restrepo and Finance Minister Miguel Gómez Martínez defended the Economic Rescue Law of President Abelardo De La Espriella's…

--- The context --- The government of President Abelardo De La Espriella is defending its Economic Rescue Law in Congress, a bill designed to repair public finances while easing the burden on Colombia's most vulnerable households. In an interview, Vice President José Manuel Restrepo and Finance Minister Miguel Gómez Martínez explained that the initiative combines VAT refunds, cuts to state spending and a larger contribution from those with the most resources. Both officials said the country faces an unprecedented fiscal situation and that the legislative debate in the coming weeks will be decisive for Colombia's economic course. According to both officials, the administration they lead found a landscape they described as the most complex problem any government could face. Restrepo said there were not enough resources to pay public employees' salaries, pensions, health care, defense or even the interest on the public debt. He also noted that the economy grew only 1.6 percent under the previous government and that 90 percent of Colombians lacked full access to medicines, amid problems paying medical staff. --- The facts --- Restrepo warned that if the rescue law does not move forward by the end of 2026, Colombia would enter default next year, struggling to pay public employees' salaries and to finance the programs the country needs. Gómez Martínez said the law must be approved before the end of the year and that, without the adjustment, the country would have difficulty financing the national budget and paying payrolls next year. Both defended a normal legislative process aimed at national consensus, while acknowledging that an urgency message could be sent later if time runs short during the debate in Congress. The social heart of the bill is the VAT refund. Restrepo explained that 19 million Colombians will have that tax returned in full and that another 16.5 million will receive up to 50 percent of the VAT back. In total, 36.5 million people would benefit, which he described as two out of every three Colombians. Gómez Martínez specified that the refund starts in January 2028, leaving a year to prepare, with technological support for shopkeepers and businesses that do not yet issue electronic invoices and monthly phone notifications telling each beneficiary when the money has been deposited. --- The positions --- Restrepo said the government's priority has to be social and that it is not fair for the most vulnerable to pay VAT on a range of products. He explained that 70 percent of the adjustment will come from reducing bureaucracy, waste and unproductive state assets, while the remaining 30 percent will be contributed by the 10 percent of the population with the most resources. In his account, those who are most vulnerable will receive and those with higher incomes will contribute, with the state itself setting the example first. Gómez Martínez also defended order in the public accounts. He explained that the bill proposes cutting service-provision orders by 50 percent, reviewing the state's 260 transfer lines and increasing oversight of more than 50 funds that handle large sums with insufficient control. He also proposed selling unproductive assets that currently generate costs, limiting the growth of state purchases to inflation and keeping health contributions progressive: the 4 percent rate stays for workers earning up to two minimum wages and rises gradually to 8 percent for the highest salaries. --- What remains unknown --- The outcome of the process in Congress is still unknown, as is whether the government will send the urgency message both officials left on the table. It is also unclear how the refund will be guaranteed for people who shop at establishments that do not issue electronic invoices, although Gómez Martínez anticipated a minimum refund amount for those cases, along with the use of digital payment methods and postal transfers. --- Unanswered questions --- Will Congress approve the Economic Rescue Law before the end of 2026, as the vice president and the finance minister are asking? Will the VAT refund actually reach the announced 36.5 million beneficiaries when it begins in January 2028? Will the cut in state spending deliver the 70 percent of the adjustment without affecting the services citizens receive? And what would happen to the country's finances if the process extends beyond the end of this year? --- EPM analysis --- The government's proposal combines two messages that usually travel separately: social protection for the majority and discipline in the public accounts. Refunding VAT to 36.5 million people turns the adjustment into a policy with visible beneficiaries, while cutting bureaucracy and unproductive assets seeks to ensure that the first effort comes from the state rather than from households. Congress now has the floor in a discussion that will define the government's fiscal room to govern. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the Economic Rescue Law deserves to be debated on its concrete effects rather than on slogans: refunding VAT in full to 19 million people and up to half to another 16.5 million would directly relieve the most vulnerable households, while the adjustment falls first on state spending and on those who have the most. The warning of a default next year, issued by the vice president and the finance minister, obliges Congress to decide quickly and with the numbers on the table, because postponing the decision also carries a cost for the entire country and its future.
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