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Vista aérea de una localidad del desierto del suroeste estadounidense con calles anegadas por agua marrón tras la lluvia
Localidad del desierto del suroeste anegada tras las lluvias, con calles cubiertas de agua marrón · Imagen generada por EPM

Rain over saturated ground threatens the Southwest again

The National Weather Service activated flood alerts across almost all of Arizona and portions of Utah, Colorado, Nevada and New Mexico, with basins saturated…

--- The context --- The American Southwest heads into this weekend with the ground working against it. Weeks of record rainfall have left basins saturated, with no capacity to absorb the additional water expected through Monday, and over that already battered terrain the National Weather Service activated flood alerts across almost all of Arizona and portions of Utah, Colorado, Nevada and New Mexico. This is not an isolated storm over dry land, but a high-impact rain event falling on communities that have not finished recovering from the previous blow. --- The facts --- Forecasts indicate accumulations of up to 10 centimeters in some areas, with the highest risk focused on central and northern Arizona. The National Weather Service issued a level 3 of 4 on its flash flood risk scale for more than 168,000 square kilometers, an area home to a population of more than four million people. Damage is concentrated in the Four Corners region, where Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah meet, the epicenter of this emergency. The chain of storms that began on October 20 overflowed the San Juan River and flooded communities within the Navajo Nation reservation and rural areas of New Mexico. Two people died and, a week later, several residents were still unable to return to their homes. On Friday, Phoenix firefighters rescued people from four vehicles trapped on flooded streets, and in Scottsdale another vehicle with two occupants entered a flooded roadway and also had to be evacuated. In Henderson, Nevada, swift-water rescue teams carried out three operations, and one of the people rescued suffered a cardiac arrest and died at the hospital. In Bullhead City, rain left water, rocks and debris across multiple roads and forced municipal parks to close. --- The positions --- Meteorologist Allison Santorelli, of the Weather Prediction Center in College Park, Maryland, warned in indirect terms that not much rain is needed to cause a significant impact in some of these areas, given the existing saturation. San Juan County authorities warned that, with the current hazardous-materials risks and the possibility of new rain, reentry remains dangerous. The Archuleta County Sheriff's Office asked residents of low-lying areas to evacuate preventively, noting that anyone who already has water on their property should expect more with this storm. --- What remains unknown --- The final extent of the damage is still unknown, as is when residents who remain displaced will be able to go home. In New Mexico alone, according to official estimates, recovery costs could exceed USD 200 million, and Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham announced that the state will seek federal funds, although so far the federal government has only approved limited assistance for emergency expenses. It is also unclear how long that help will take to reach the hardest-hit communities. --- Unanswered questions --- When will the residents who still cannot return to the flooded areas be able to go back to their homes? Will the federal assistance approved so far cover a recovery that in New Mexico could exceed USD 200 million? What will happen to the communities of the Navajo Nation reservation and the rural areas as the system moves into the interior of the country? Can the saturated basins receive more water without overflowing again? --- EPM analysis --- The pattern described by New Mexico state climatologist Dave DuBois helps explain the scale of the phenomenon: moisture is arriving farther west than usual, with tornadoes even over Santa Fe and hail the size of a golf ball, in a season he described in indirect terms as extraordinary. The El Niño phenomenon is intensifying the cycle by shifting the Pacific jet stream southward, and tropical moisture from hurricanes such as the remnants of Hurricane Trudy strengthened the rains. DuBois also stressed that, despite the damage, the rainfall benefits aquifers and ecosystems after a severe multi-year drought. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the story of this weekend is not only the rain that is coming, but the rain that already fell and left entire communities with no margin. When a saturated basin takes another hit, the damage stops being a weather statistic and becomes a question of housing, health and public money. The limited assistance approved so far contrasts with costs already measured in hundreds of millions, and that gap marks the real test for authorities: to respond in time where the water has already shown it can kill and displace.
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