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Corresponsal de espaldas con chaleco con la palabra PRESS y una cámara fotográfica en una calle devastada por la guerra al atardecer, con edificios en ruinas y humo al fondo.
Un corresponsal de prensa trabaja en una zona de conflicto al atardecer. · Imagen generada por EPM

Six in seven journalist murders go unpunished, UNESCO report warns

UNESCO's biennial report puts impunity for journalist killings at 86 per cent in 2024-2025, with 189 media workers dead, 127 of them in conflict zones, and…

--- The context --- Reporting from a war has become a mortal risk, and a judicial response remains the exception. UNESCO has measured since 2012 what share of journalist killings goes unpunished, and its new biennial report, released for the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists on 2 November, shows a picture that is getting worse, not better. --- The facts --- A confirmed total of 189 journalists and other media workers lost their lives in 2024-2025, 20 per cent more than in the previous biennium and the highest number since 2014-2015. 127 were killed in conflict zones, 67 per cent of the death toll. Global impunity reached 86 per cent, meaning six in seven murders went unpunished, and in war settings that rate is close to 100 per cent. Verified cases were recorded in every region: 97 in the Arab States, 37 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 34 in Asia-Pacific, 14 in Central and Eastern Europe, 6 in Africa and 1 in Western Europe and North America. Palestine recorded the highest numbers in both years, 30 and 32. A disturbing new threat stands out: drone strikes killed 50 journalists, 40 per cent of those killed in conflict, across seven incidents with several victims in a single attack, while fifteen died wearing press vests or in vehicles clearly marked Press. --- The positions --- UNESCO Director-General Khaled El-Enany said journalists are increasingly paying with their lives for frontline reporting while those responsible are rarely held accountable. He reiterated his call to respect Security Council Resolution 2222, adopted in 2015, which protects journalists as civilians in situations of armed conflict. UN Secretary-General António Guterres said in his message for the Day that at least 34 journalists paid the ultimate price over the past year, and he described impunity as a heinous affront to the victims, their loved ones and everyone who depends on journalists to stay informed. In his view, silencing a reporter makes victims of everyone. --- What remains unknown --- Away from conflict there is a different signal: impunity fell from 94 per cent in 2012 to 77 per cent in 2026, and the 85 killings outside war zones are the lowest in 18 years. Women journalists face particular risks: thirteen of the 14 killed were in countries experiencing armed conflict, and a 2025 study found that 75 per cent had experienced online or offline abuse and harassment, and more than 40 per cent reported offline violence linked to online attacks, up from 20 per cent in a 2020 survey. --- Unanswered questions --- What effective penalty will face those who order a drone strike against an identified press crew? Why does impunity remain close to 100 per cent in conflicts despite Resolution 2222 being in force since 2015? When will governments turn protection into verifiable investigations and convictions instead of statements? --- EPM analysis --- The contrast is stark: where governments invest in investigations and prosecutions, impunity retreats by one point a year; where war rules, it becomes almost total. The rise of drones deepens the problem, because it makes attacks cheaper and blurs responsibility for who ordered them. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, an 86 per cent impunity rate is not a statistical failure but a practical licence to kill journalists, and reversing it requires treating every murder as what it is: an attack on everyone's right to know. The improvement outside conflicts proves justice works when states choose to pursue it; extending that choice to war zones, including drone attacks, is the outstanding debt that governments and armed actors still owe.
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