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Edificio del Congreso en Bogotá junto a documentos presupuestales sobre una mesa
El Congreso y las cuentas del Presupuesto General de la Nación concentran el debate fiscal en Colombia. · Imagen generada

Finance Ministry weighs a second cut to approach the $20 trillion savings goal

Colombia's Ministry of Finance is evaluating a second budget cut after the October 22 adjustment of $13.8 trillion pesos fell short of the $20 trillion goal.

--- The context --- Colombia is debating the size of its public spending once again. The 2026 General Budget of the Nation was initially approved at $546.9 trillion pesos, and the government of President Abelardo De La Espriella received it with eight months of execution already elapsed, a condition that narrowed the room to change commitments already made. On that basis, the Ministry of Finance applied a first cut of $13.8 trillion pesos on October 22 and is now evaluating a second adjustment to approach the initial savings goal of around $20 trillion pesos. The backdrop is a fiscal pressure that the economic team itself describes as demanding. Technical Vice Minister of Finance Juan Sebastián Betancur acknowledged at the XIII Asofiduciarias Congress that the adjustment did not reach the intended scale and anticipated a new spending review, in a scenario also marked by the still unquantified cost of an earthquake. --- The facts --- The first cut was distributed as $6.8 trillion pesos in contracting, $4 trillion pesos in debt and $3 trillion pesos in operating expenses. With the second adjustment under evaluation, the Ministry seeks to contain the primary deficit and limit the growth of public debt, the two fronts concentrating the economic team's concern. The official primary deficit target for 2026 is 3.3% of Gross Domestic Product. Betancur anticipated that the result will be closer to the 3.5% recorded the previous year, precisely because the implemented cut fell short of what was sought. The 2027 budget, already approved at $634.9 trillion pesos, also faces spending pressures that were not covered. Budget reserves illustrate the inherited burden: they traditionally stood slightly above $20 trillion pesos, reached $50 trillion pesos in 2024 and fell only partially in 2025. Those carried-over obligations restrict the spending margin available in subsequent fiscal years. --- The positions --- Betancur argued, in attributed indirect terms, that fiscal policy is not made with announcements but with decisions, and defended moving from announcements to the execution of concrete measures. He also said that an adjustment would reduce risk premiums and open space for private investment, and projected economic growth of between 2.5% and 2.9% for the country. The Autonomous Committee of the Fiscal Rule, for its part, calculated for the 2027 budget a total deficit of 9.5% of GDP and a primary deficit of 4.5%. Its president, Juan Carlos Ramírez, warned that those projections occur without an exceptional economic crisis to explain them and placed part of the origin of the imbalance in the 2024 revenue calculations, whose estimate deviated by around 4 points of GDP from what was actually achieved. Ramírez described as relatively reasonable the official proposal of an adjustment of between four and five points of GDP over four years, although he noted that the committee has not yet reviewed its components in depth. He also warned that one third of tax revenues is currently allocated to interest payments and that, without reforms, that share would reach 50% within three years. --- What remains unknown --- There is still no definitive estimate of the cost of response and reconstruction after the earthquake, an item that conditions the final size of the second cut. The sector-by-sector detail of the new adjustment and its issuance calendar are also unknown. The committee identified contingencies in personnel spending, pensions, the subsidized health regime and energy subsidies in the face of the El Niño phenomenon, in addition to possible salary increases derived from union agreements in the public sector. How much of that pressure will end up covered by the new cut is one of the central unknowns. --- Unanswered questions --- How large will the second cut finally be, and will it bring the primary deficit closer to the 3.3% of GDP target? How much will earthquake response and reconstruction cost, and how will that spending be financed? Which sectors will assume the largest share of the new budget adjustment? Will the fiscal rescue law secure the necessary backing in Congress? --- EPM analysis --- Colombia's fiscal debate plays out on two levels. In the immediate one, the government seeks to correct, with a second cut, a budget it inherited well into its execution and with swollen reserves from decisions of previous fiscal years. In the structural one, the committee's figures show that the margin is narrowing: without adjustment, central government debt would rise from 60% to 67% of GDP, close to the 71% sustainable limit calculated by the committee itself. Betancur added a figure connecting the fiscal front with the monetary one: the fiscal impulse would add more than 2 percentage points to inflation, which without that effect would stand near 4%, still above the 3% target. And he warned that, without the fiscal rescue law, the country would need close to USD26,000 million in international markets during 2027, against an average of about USD5,000 million over the last ten years. The private sector, meanwhile, would grow at rates close to 1%, according to his diagnosis. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the second cut under evaluation confirms that the government took on fiscal correction as a task of decisions rather than announcements, in line with what its Technical Vice Minister set out. The scale of the challenge is inherited and documented: reserves that reached $50 trillion pesos in 2024, a revenue estimate for that year deviating by some 4 points of GDP, and a budget received with eight months already executed. The outcome will depend on the final size of the adjustment, the cost of the earthquake and the passage of the rescue law, three variables that will define whether the primary deficit approaches the 3.3% of GDP target or stays near the previous year's 3.5%.
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