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Escritorio con pilas de documentos presupuestales, una calculadora y billetes de pesos frente a la ventana de un edificio de Hacienda en Bogotá al anochecer, con una gráfica de deuda al alza
Documentos fiscales y deuda al alza: el ajuste de 2027 será el comienzo del camino, no el punto de llegada. · Imagen generada para EPM

Colombia's fiscal rescue faces a tough test of delivery

The De La Espriella government is preparing a Fiscal Rescue Law targeting an adjustment of 2.2% of GDP, about 45 trillion pesos.

--- The context --- Colombia faces an accumulated fiscal deterioration that the De La Espriella government attributes to the budget holes inherited from the Gustavo Petro administration. The primary deficit is straining public financing, debt keeps rising and the room to sustain spending without changing course narrows every month. Against that backdrop, the executive announced a Fiscal Rescue Law that does not follow the traditional route of raising taxes. The stated bet is to cut and restructure state spending, reduce bureaucracy and put public finances in order through a deep adjustment. --- The facts --- Finance Minister Miguel Gómez Martínez made the announcement on September 30, after the central bank raised its benchmark rates by 25 basis points to 12.25%. The bill was expected within 10 or 12 days, and the country is still waiting for its final text. Corficolombiana estimates that the initiative seeks an adjustment of 2.2% of GDP, equivalent to about 45 trillion pesos, to reduce the primary deficit, ease financing pressures and contain debt growth. Its most likely scenario, however, is a partial adjustment of 1.6% of GDP, about 33 trillion pesos, with two thirds from spending cuts and one third from higher revenues. Under that assumption, the central government's total deficit would fall to 7.8% of GDP in 2027 and the primary deficit would move from 4.0% to 2.9% of GDP. Even so, net debt would rise from 60.1% to 65.7% of GDP, a historic high above even the level recorded during the pandemic. Without any adjustment, the deficit would reach 9.4% of GDP and financing needs would hit 266.3 trillion pesos, or 12.2% of GDP. --- The positions --- Technical Deputy Finance Minister Juan Sebastián Betancur told the Senate's Third Committee that the law is a fundamental instrument to stabilize the country's borrowing and that it will be complemented by National Development Plan measures to cut bureaucracy and operating costs. Corficolombiana, for its part, warns that the central problem is not the announced amount but viability and delivery, since the concrete measures and their split between revenues and spending are still unknown. --- What remains unknown --- The decisive details are still missing: how much of the adjustment will come from structural reforms, temporary cuts, budget deferrals, administrative efficiencies or tax measures requiring congressional approval. The permanent or temporary nature of each measure and the real implementation timetable during 2027 also remain unclear. --- Unanswered questions --- What concrete measures make up the 2.2% of GDP adjustment and how much does each one contribute to the total? Will Congress manage to approve, regulate and implement in time the initiatives that need legislative passage? Will workers and affected sectors accept the spending cuts without a social conflict that stalls the program? --- EPM analysis --- The calendar works against the government. International experience shows that large consolidations are achieved through multiyear programs, permanent measures and intermediate targets, not through a single announcement. If the adjustment protects social investment and is carried out transparently, it can stabilize debt without punishing the most vulnerable; if it relies on deferrals, it will only postpone the cost. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the fiscal rescue is indispensable and its direction is right, because no country can sustain a primary deficit of 4.0% of GDP or debt heading to 65.7% without paying a higher price in rates, jobs and social programs. Credibility will depend on publishing the full detail, sharing the effort fairly, protecting those with least and meeting the 2027 timetable. A partial adjustment of 1.6% would be real progress, though insufficient unless it becomes the first stage of a verifiable multiyear program with clear rules for every part of the Colombian state.
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