United States • • • 🌿 Progressive

Gráfico de barras azules en ascenso sobre el perfil urbano de una ciudad estadounidense al amanecer
Crecimiento económico e inversión impulsan el tercer trimestre en Estados Unidos. · Imagen generada para EPM

US GDP grows 3.4% in third quarter, beating forecasts

US GDP grew at a 3.4% annualized rate in the third quarter, above the 3.2% forecast by polled economists.

--- The context --- The United States economy heads into the final stretch of the year with a figure that contradicts the mood of households. Growth accelerated in the third quarter, driven by consumer spending that refuses to fade and by business investment poured into artificial intelligence, despite higher oil prices stemming from the conflict in the Middle East. The report was published on Thursday, less than a week before Tuesday's midterm elections, which will determine control of Congress, with consumer sentiment deteriorated and President Donald Trump's approval ratings at record lows. --- The facts --- Gross domestic product increased at a 3.4% annualized rate in the third quarter, according to the advance estimate from the Commerce Department's Bureau of Economic Analysis. Polled economists had forecast 3.2%, with estimates ranging from 1.0% to 4.2%. Consumer spending, more than two-thirds of the economy, increased at a 3.8% pace in the July-September quarter, the same rate as in the second quarter. Historically low layoffs and moderate hiring underpin spending, though wage gains have at times lagged inflation and households are saving less and dipping into their nest eggs. The Federal Reserve on Wednesday left its benchmark rate in the 3.75%-4.00% range, acknowledging that inflation remains elevated, and economists expected a raise in December. Growth is well above the around 2% pace some Fed officials regard as the non-inflationary rate. --- The positions --- Read from the household side, the figure sits alongside fragility: gasoline remains above $4 a gallon as the US-Israeli war with Iran drags on, and economists anticipated a slowdown in consumer spending. Spending sustained by saving less raises doubts about its durability. Some economists said the strong growth was probably not a true picture of the economy, given the dominance of AI-related spending. The rising costs of long-term AI projects with an uncertain payoff, and the huge sums tech firms borrowed over the past year, are a downside risk to equipment spending, though that pillar of support was expected to weaken. --- What remains unknown --- What remains unknown is whether revisions will confirm 3.4%, how long the artificial intelligence investment impulse will last, and whether spending can hold with gasoline above $4 a gallon. The effect on the Fed's December decision is also unclear. --- Unanswered questions --- Does the 3.4% figure reflect the economy households live in, or only the push from artificial intelligence spending? How long can consumption be sustained by saving less? Will the Federal Reserve raise rates in December despite this pace of growth? --- EPM analysis --- Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh told reporters in indirect terms that activity is expanding at a strong pace and that domestic spending has been resilient despite geopolitical uncertainty. That reading contrasts with households' downbeat assessment of the economy. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the third-quarter figure is solid on the surface and fragile at its social base: an economy growing at 3.4% whose households describe themselves as downbeat, are saving less and are paying above $4 a gallon for gasoline. The engine combines resilient consumption with artificial intelligence investment whose debt and rising costs already worry economists themselves. The real test will come when it becomes clear whether spending can hold without continuing to drain family savings in the coming months.
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