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Ceremonia de cierre de una misión política internacional en Mogadiscio, con banderas de Somalia y de la comunidad internacional
Imagen alusiva al cierre de la misión política en Somalia. · Imagen generada por EPM

Somalia takes charge as UN political mission closes after decades

The UN political mission in Somalia, UNTMIS, closes on 31 October after three decades, and Somali institutions take full responsibility for the recovery with…

--- The context --- Somalia has undergone a profound transformation since the early 1990s, when the collapse of central State institutions and the outbreak of civil war ushered in years of conflict, instability and humanitarian crises. The conflict sparked a major outflow of refugees and internal displacements, compounded by insecurity, contested electoral processes and recurrent climatic shocks including droughts and floods. --- The facts --- The UN Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia, known as UNTMIS, wraps up its work this Saturday and closes on 31 October, ending three decades of UN political missions in the Horn of Africa country. Successive missions accompanied Somalia through critical stages of peacebuilding and State-building, supporting Somali-led efforts to restore governance, rebuild institutions and foster national reconciliation. With the end of UNTMIS, Somali institutions will now take on the full responsibility for recovery, with support from agencies already working in the country. Some 25 UN entities are still working across Somalia on humanitarian and development support, so the political closure is not a complete departure. --- The positions --- Raisedon Zenenga, the Secretary-General's Deputy Special Representative for Somalia, said in attributed remarks that while significant challenges remain, the closure comes after considerable progress since the early years of international efforts. He noted in indirect terms that Somalia today possesses national and federal institutions that did not exist when the engagement began, with progress in State formation, political inclusion, constitutional processes, human rights frameworks and governance enabling Somali-led decision-making. Continued international engagement, he added, will remain important. In Balcad, a run-down vegetable market received a makeover with 56 sturdy stalls, running water and solar lighting, and about 70 per cent of the stalls went to women-headed households, women-led businesses and small enterprises. In Puntland, a school meals programme links 1,330 local farmers and fisherfolk to schools serving 18,700 children. --- What remains unknown --- The humanitarian affairs office calls the situation one of the world's most complex crises, where conflict and climate shocks keep feeding each other. This year, 4.8 million Somalis, out of a population of just under 20 million, need humanitarian help. Aid agencies are asking for $852 million to reach 2.4 million people, just half of those in need, and by mid-October only about 35 per cent of that had arrived. --- Unanswered questions --- Can Somali institutions sustain the recovery on their own after the political mission closes? Will the missing humanitarian funding arrive in time to reach the people agencies plan to help? Will a gradual and sustainable security transition advance against the threat from Al-Shabaab? How will leaders tackle poverty in an economy that imports more than 90 per cent of its essential goods? --- EPM analysis --- The closure shifts the centre of gravity to full Somali responsibility without ending humanitarian and development support. National guidelines on caring for newborns, mine action teaching in Baidoa for hundreds of students and teachers, and school meals in Puntland all show support continuing on the ground. Poverty, however, stands out as the huge challenge facing the country's leaders after October. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the end of the political mission should be read not as a departure but as a demanding test of the institutions Somalia has built over three decades. Those institutions did not exist when the engagement began, yet humanitarian needs remain vast and funding is only partly delivered. The new chapter will be judged by whether Somali leadership, backed by continued international engagement, can turn partnership and persistence into effective governance, steadier security and real relief from poverty for ordinary families.
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