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Capitolio Nacional de Colombia al atardecer con pilas de documentos fiscales y una calculadora en primer plano
El Capitolio Nacional en Bogotá, con documentos fiscales en primer plano. · Imagen generada por EPM

Carrasquilla Backs Fiscal Adjustment and Diesel Subsidy Review

Former minister Alberto Carrasquilla backed a gradual fiscal adjustment of between 4 and 5 points of GDP, a gradual public spending cut of 20 percent and debt…

--- The context --- Colombia is debating a far-reaching fiscal reform at a moment that former minister Alberto Carrasquilla described as more delicate than previous crises. As he explained, if the adjustment is not made, the country could face what happened at the end of the last century, when lenders stopped lending and the adjustment arrived the hard way, with a gigantic recession borne by the private sector. Against that background, he valued that this time the Government proposes an orderly adjustment led by the public sector, protecting private activity and employment. The former minister said he is almost certain the country is on the verge of having its financing cut. As a sign, he pointed out that the interest rates charged by international markets are now higher than those of other countries in the region, against which Colombia traditionally enjoyed better conditions. In his view, that symptom warns that financiers may tire and end up imposing a rapid adjustment, a path that, he recalled, many other countries have already gone through in similar situations. --- The facts --- The official proposal, as he described it, combines spending cuts and higher revenues in a six-pillar reform that would allow a gradual adjustment of between 4 and 5 points of GDP, a magnitude the former minister considers necessary. In his reading, markets would thus receive a signal of commitment to fiscal order and to stabilizing debt toward 2030, and approval of the reform, even with modifications, would help restore confidence, lower rates, reactivate investment and accelerate growth in the following years. On spending, the former minister explained that, according to the Government, service provision contracts grew by close to 70 percent in recent years, and he considered that this spending could be cut in half without affecting the quality of services, because its increase did not translate into greater state efficiency. He added that the Government proposes gradually cutting public spending by 20 percent and requesting extraordinary powers to reorganize the State within six months, including through mergers of ministries and public entities. On fuels, the former minister said the diesel subsidy exceeds 14 trillion pesos a year and must be adjusted now. He explained that the Government can do so by decree, without going through Congress, as it does every month with fuel price decrees, and he proposed ending that subsidy as was done before with gasoline. He also argued that unifying VAT rates could adjust some prices only once, without generating inflation, while a deficit financed monetarily could indeed be inflationary for the economy. --- The positions --- To protect households, the former minister backed the EfectIVA program as a compensation mechanism. According to his calculations, the difference is seven to one: 7 pesos are collected for every peso returned, so that, even while returning resources to the vulnerable population, the net leaves a very significant collection. On the middle class, he said there is no doubt there will be an effect, because taxes must be paid by everyone except the poorest and most vulnerable population, and that this contribution must be made progressively. The former minister specified that if the middle class today pays 1 percent, it would end up paying 5 or 10 percent more, a higher burden that, in his view, is not necessarily bad if its counterpart is the stabilization of public finances. He warned that this sector would fare much worse if nothing is done and the country faces a crisis like the one at the end of the last century. He also held that the rescue bill will be a combination: the State, with a smaller payroll and fewer contracts; companies, with contributions they do not pay today; and households as the main contributors through taxes. --- What remains unknown --- Several fronts of the debate remain open. The former minister observed that the corporate income tax cut seems timid to him: lowering the rate from 35 to 33 percent and then to 31 percent in 2028 still leaves it high compared with other countries, and he proposed rates of 25 percent, eliminating exemptions, to stimulate investment and growth. He also warned that it is not clear who ultimately pays that tax, because a high rate can be shifted into lower wages, higher prices or changes in payments to suppliers, depending on the sector. On labor matters, the former minister recalled that the 2012 law exempted companies from health and parafiscal contributions for workers earning up to ten minimum wages and created a tax intended to replace those resources. As he explained, removing part of those exemptions without sufficiently reducing the corporate tax strengthens the argument for lowering that rate further, and he expressed concern about losing advances, albeit limited ones, in reducing informality, which remains the main problem of the Colombian labor market today. --- Unanswered questions --- Will Congress manage to approve a reform of this magnitude in the little time left in the legislative session? Will the different political sectors accept a frank and open discussion on broadening the VAT and income tax bases? Will the diesel subsidy be reviewed in time, despite its enormous political cost? Will the corporate income tax rate fall beyond what is planned, to gain competitiveness against the countries Colombia competes with for investment? --- EPM analysis --- The value of this conversation lies in the technical consensus it reveals: a former minister who saw his own reform stopped in 2021 today backs the need for an orderly and gradual adjustment, with the State first doing its part on spending and with protection for the most vulnerable through VAT refunds. His observations on corporate taxation and the diesel subsidy are design contributions to enrich the debate in Congress, not objections to the direction: the direction, fiscal order, was backed without ambiguity by someone who knows its costs. 📌 EPM Take: In EPM's view, the former minister's backing confirms that an orderly adjustment is the responsible path: cutting spending that grew without improving services, stabilizing debt toward 2030 and sharing the effort progressively protects jobs and avoids a greater crisis. Debating a more competitive corporate tax and reviewing the diesel subsidy strengthens the reform without changing its course. Colombia gains when fiscal order is discussed with data, with effective social protection and with the decision to act before markets impose the adjustment the hard way on everyone.
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